"χολάς" meaning in All languages combined

See χολάς on Wiktionary

Noun [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /kʰo.lás/, /xoˈlas/, /xoˈlas/, /kʰo.lás/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kʰoˈlas/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /xoˈlas/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /xoˈlas/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /xoˈlas/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-. Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek. Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”). Etymology templates: {{cog|sla-pro|*želǫdъkъ||stomach}} Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”), {{cog|ru|желу́док}} Russian желу́док (želúdok), {{cog|cs|žaludek}} Czech žaludek, {{cog|pl|żołądek}} Polish żołądek, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*gʰel-ond-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*gʰol-nd-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-, {{cog|lt|skilándis||sausage-stomach}} Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”), {{m|grc|χόλιξ||bowels of oxen}} χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”), {{m|grc|κόλον||large intestine}} κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), {{m|grc|καλίδια||intestines}} καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”), {{m|grc|γόλα}} γόλα (góla), {{m|grc|γάλλια}} γάλλια (gállia), {{m|grc|γάλλος}} γάλλος (gállos), {{cog|xcl|քաղիրթ||intestines of animals}} Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”), {{der|grc|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek, {{m|sla-pro|*želǫdъkъ}} *želǫdъkъ, {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*gʰelH-ond-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, {{m|ine-pro|*gʰelH-|t=digestive organ, stomach}} *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”), {{cog|sga|eclas|t=gizzard}} Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), {{m|sga|gaile|t=stomach}} gaile (“stomach”), {{cog|br|elaz|t=gizzard}} Breton elaz (“gizzard”), {{cog|cy|glasog|t=gizzard}} Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), {{m|cy|afu glas|t=gizzard}} afu glas (“gizzard”), {{cog|oco|glas|t=stomach}} Old Cornish glas (“stomach”) Head templates: {{grc-noun|χολᾰ́δος|f|third|head=χολᾰ́ς}} χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|χολᾰ́ς|χολᾰ́δος}} Forms: χολᾰ́ς [canonical], kholás [romanization], χολᾰ́δος [genitive], Attic declension-3 [table-tags], ἡ χολᾰ́ς [nominative, singular], τὼ χολᾰ́δε [dual, nominative], αἱ χολᾰ́δες [nominative, plural], τῆς χολᾰ́δος [genitive, singular], τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν χολᾰ́δων [genitive, plural], τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ [dative, singular], τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν [dative, dual], ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ [dative, plural], χολᾰ́σῐν [dative, plural], taîs kholási [dative, plural], taîs kholásin [dative, plural], τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ [accusative, singular], τὼ χολᾰ́δε [accusative, dual], τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς [accusative, plural], χολᾰ́ς [singular, vocative], χολᾰ́δε [dual, vocative], χολᾰ́δες [plural, vocative]
  1. (anatomy) abdominal cavity Categories (topical): Anatomy
    Sense id: en-χολάς-grc-noun-toJhyOIL Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 94 6 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension: 84 16 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 91 9 Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
  2. (in the plural) bowels, guts Tags: in-plural Synonyms: ἐγκοίλῐᾰ, ἔντερον, σπλᾰ́γχνον
    Sense id: en-χολάς-grc-noun-yOGcyFKR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: χολλᾰ́δες (kholládes)

Download JSON data for χολάς meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "желу́док"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian желу́док (želúdok)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "žaludek"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech žaludek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "żołądek"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish żołądek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰol-nd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skilándis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sausage-stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χόλιξ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bowels of oxen"
      },
      "expansion": "χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κόλον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large intestine"
      },
      "expansion": "κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλίδια",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines"
      },
      "expansion": "καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γόλα"
      },
      "expansion": "γόλα (góla)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γάλλια"
      },
      "expansion": "γάλλια (gállia)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γάλλος"
      },
      "expansion": "γάλλος (gállos)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "քաղիրթ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines of animals"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*želǫdъkъ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰelH-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰelH-",
        "t": "digestive organ, stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "eclas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gaile",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "gaile (“stomach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "elaz",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton elaz (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "glasog",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh glasog (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "afu glas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "afu glas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "glas",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish glas (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-. Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek. Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kholás",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "hē kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "hai kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς χολᾰ́δος",
      "roman": "tês kholádos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χολᾰ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn kholádōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ",
      "roman": "têi kholádi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́σῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholási",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholásin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn kholáda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s kholádas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́δος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "χολᾰ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́ς",
        "2": "χολᾰ́δος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "grc:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "id": "en-χολάς-grc-noun-toJhyOIL",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "abdominal",
          "abdominal"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bowels, guts"
      ],
      "id": "en-χολάς-grc-noun-yOGcyFKR",
      "links": [
        [
          "bowel",
          "bowel"
        ],
        [
          "gut",
          "gut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) bowels, guts"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἐγκοίλῐᾰ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ἔντερον"
        },
        {
          "word": "σπλᾰ́γχνον"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoˈlas/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kholládes",
      "word": "χολλᾰ́δες"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χολάς"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "желу́док"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian желу́док (želúdok)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "žaludek"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech žaludek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "żołądek"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish żołądek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰol-nd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skilándis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sausage-stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χόλιξ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bowels of oxen"
      },
      "expansion": "χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κόλον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large intestine"
      },
      "expansion": "κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλίδια",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines"
      },
      "expansion": "καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γόλα"
      },
      "expansion": "γόλα (góla)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γάλλια"
      },
      "expansion": "γάλλια (gállia)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γάλλος"
      },
      "expansion": "γάλλος (gállos)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "քաղիրթ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines of animals"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*želǫdъkъ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰelH-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰelH-",
        "t": "digestive organ, stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "eclas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gaile",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "gaile (“stomach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "elaz",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton elaz (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "glasog",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh glasog (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "afu glas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "afu glas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "glas",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish glas (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-. Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek. Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kholás",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "hē kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "hai kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς χολᾰ́δος",
      "roman": "tês kholádos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χολᾰ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn kholádōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ",
      "roman": "têi kholádi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́σῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholási",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholásin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn kholáda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s kholádas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́δος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "χολᾰ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́ς",
        "2": "χολᾰ́δος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "abdominal",
          "abdominal"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bowels, guts"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bowel",
          "bowel"
        ],
        [
          "gut",
          "gut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) bowels, guts"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἐγκοίλῐᾰ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ἔντερον"
        },
        {
          "word": "σπλᾰ́γχνον"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoˈlas/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kholládes",
      "word": "χολλᾰ́δες"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χολάς"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.