"χολάς" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "желу́док"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian желу́док (želúdok)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "žaludek"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech žaludek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "żołądek"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish żołądek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰol-nd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skilándis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sausage-stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "քաղիրթ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines of animals"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰelH-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "eclas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "elaz",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton elaz (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "glasog",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh glasog (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "glas",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish glas (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-. Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek. Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kholás",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "hē kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "hai kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς χολᾰ́δος",
      "roman": "tês kholádos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χολᾰ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn kholádōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ",
      "roman": "têi kholádi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́σῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholási",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholásin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn kholáda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s kholádas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́δος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "χολᾰ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́ς",
        "2": "χολᾰ́δος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "grc:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Health",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "id": "en-χολάς-grc-noun-toJhyOIL",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "abdominal",
          "abdominal"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bowels, guts"
      ],
      "id": "en-χολάς-grc-noun-yOGcyFKR",
      "links": [
        [
          "bowel",
          "bowel"
        ],
        [
          "gut",
          "gut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) bowels, guts"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἐγκοίλῐᾰ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ἔντερον"
        },
        {
          "word": "σπλᾰ́γχνον"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoˈlas/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kholládes",
      "word": "χολλᾰ́δες"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χολάς"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*želǫdъkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "желу́док"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian желу́док (želúdok)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "žaludek"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech žaludek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "żołądek"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish żołądek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰol-nd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skilándis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sausage-stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "քաղիրթ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intestines of animals"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰelH-ond-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "eclas",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "elaz",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton elaz (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "glasog",
        "t": "gizzard"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh glasog (“gizzard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "glas",
        "t": "stomach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish glas (“stomach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-. Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek. Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kholás",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "hē kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "hai kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς χολᾰ́δος",
      "roman": "tês kholádos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χολᾰ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn kholádōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ",
      "roman": "têi kholádi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kholádoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́σῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholási",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs kholásin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn kholáda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "tṑ kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s kholádas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́ς",
      "roman": "kholás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δε",
      "roman": "kholáde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χολᾰ́δες",
      "roman": "kholádes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́δος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "χολᾰ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χολᾰ́ς",
        "2": "χολᾰ́δος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "abdominal",
          "abdominal"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) abdominal cavity"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bowels, guts"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bowel",
          "bowel"
        ],
        [
          "gut",
          "gut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) bowels, guts"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἐγκοίλῐᾰ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ἔντερον"
        },
        {
          "word": "σπλᾰ́γχνον"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰo.lás/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoˈlas/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xoˈlas/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kholládes",
      "word": "χολλᾰ́δες"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χολάς"
}