"βάτραχος" meaning in All languages combined

See βάτραχος on Wiktionary

Noun [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /bá.tra.kʰos/, /ˈβa.tra.xos/, /ˈva.tra.xos/, /bá.tra.kʰos/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈba.tra.kʰos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈβa.tra.xos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈva.tra.xos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈva.tra.xos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third. Concerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals. An older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way. Etymology templates: {{onomatopoeic|grc|title=imitative}} imitative, {{der|grc|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek, {{der|grc|sem}} Semitic, {{cog|he|צְפַרְדֵּעַ|tr=ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ}} Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), {{cog|ar|ضَفْدَع}} Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), {{m|el|σπορδακάς}} σπορδακάς (spordakás), {{m|grc||*-χ-}} *-χ- (*-kh-), {{cog|gmw-pro|*krodu}} Proto-West Germanic *krodu, {{cog|la|bruscus||frog or toad}} Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), {{der|grc|ine-pro|*gʷredʰ-||frog, toad}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), {{m|grc|βρόταχος}} βρόταχος (brótakhos), {{m|grc|βάθρακος}} βάθρακος (báthrakos) Head templates: {{grc-noun|βᾰτρᾰ́χου|m|second|head=βᾰ́τρᾰχος}} βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|βᾰ́τρᾰχος|ου|form=M}} Forms: βᾰ́τρᾰχος [canonical], bátrakhos [romanization], βᾰτρᾰ́χου [genitive], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος [nominative, singular], τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω [dual, nominative], οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι [nominative, plural], τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου [genitive, singular], τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων [genitive, plural], τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ [dative, singular], τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις [dative, plural], τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον [accusative, singular], τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω [accusative, dual], τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους [accusative, plural], βᾰ́τρᾰχε [singular, vocative], βᾰτρᾰ́χω [dual, vocative], βᾰ́τρᾰχοι [plural, vocative]
  1. frog Categories (lifeform): Amphibians
    Sense id: en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-dPpTJ8wP Disambiguation of Amphibians: 57 43
  2. anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)
    Sense id: en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-RHm4CVXX Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek onomatopoeias, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 7 93 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 17 83 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek onomatopoeias: 13 87 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: βάθρακος (báthrakos) [Ionic], βότραχος (bótrakhos) [Ionic], βρόταχος (brótakhos) [Ionic] Derived forms: βατράχιον (batrákhion), βατραχομυομαχία (batrakhomuomakhía)

Noun [Greek]

Etymology: From Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”). Etymology templates: {{inh|el|grc|βάτραχος||frog}} Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) Head templates: {{head|el|nouns|||plural|βάτραχοι|||||||||||||||||||||||cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|tr2=}} βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι), {{el-noun|m|βάτραχοι}} βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι) Inflection templates: {{el-decl-noun|βάτραχος|βάτραχοι|βατράχου|βατράχων|βάτραχο|βατράχους|βάτραχε|βάτραχοι|ap=|gp=|gs=|note=|np=|vp=}} Forms: vátrachos [romanization], βάτραχοι [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], βάτραχος [nominative, singular], βάτραχοι [nominative, plural], βατράχου [genitive, singular], βατράχων [genitive, plural], βάτραχο [accusative, singular], βατράχους [accusative, plural], βάτραχε [singular, vocative], βάτραχοι [plural, vocative]
  1. frog Categories (lifeform): Amphibians Synonyms: βατράχι (vatráchi) [diminutive] Derived forms: βατράχι (vatráchi) (english: froglet) [neuter], βατραχάκι (vatracháki) (english: frog) [neuter], βατραχάνθρωπος (vatrachánthropos) (english: frogman) [masculine], βατραχοπέδιλο (vatrachopédilo) (english: flipper) [neuter], βατραχοφάγος (vatrachofágos) (english: frog eating) [adjective]
    Sense id: en-βάτραχος-el-noun-dPpTJ8wP Categories (other): Greek entries with incorrect language header, Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for βάτραχος meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "batrákhion",
      "word": "βατράχιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "batrakhomuomakhía",
      "word": "βατραχομυομαχία"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βάτραχος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachus",
          "name": "taxlink"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachia",
            "2": "superorder"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachia",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Batrachus, Batrachia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "batrachotoxin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: batrachotoxin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: batrachotoxin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "צְפַרְדֵּעַ",
        "tr": "ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "ضَفْدَع"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "σπορδακάς"
      },
      "expansion": "σπορδακάς (spordakás)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-χ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*-χ- (*-kh-)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krodu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krodu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "bruscus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frog or toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷredʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog, toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βρόταχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βρόταχος (brótakhos)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βάθρακος"
      },
      "expansion": "βάθρακος (báthrakos)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third.\nConcerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals.\nAn older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bátrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "roman": "ho bátrakhos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "hoi bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "roman": "toû batrákhou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων",
      "roman": "tôn batrákhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ",
      "roman": "tôi batrákhōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις",
      "roman": "toîs batrákhois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον",
      "roman": "tòn bátrakhon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους",
      "roman": "toùs batrákhous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχε",
      "roman": "bátrakhe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Amphibians",
          "orig": "grc:Amphibians",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Most amazing [songs] by the swanlike frogs.",
          "text": "Aristophanes, Frogs, 207.\nβατράχων κύκνων θαυμαστά.\nbatrákhōn kúknōn thaumastá.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "id": "en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-dPpTJ8wP",
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)"
      ],
      "id": "en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-RHm4CVXX",
      "links": [
        [
          "anglerfish",
          "anglerfish"
        ],
        [
          "Lophius piscatorius",
          "Lophius piscatorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈba.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "báthrakos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βάθρακος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bótrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βότραχος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "brótakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βρόταχος"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "IEW",
    "Ionic Greek",
    "Zakynthos"
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "βάτραχος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vátrachos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχου",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχο",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχους",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχε",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "βάτραχοι",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "βάτραχοι"
      },
      "expansion": "βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βάτραχος",
        "2": "βάτραχοι",
        "3": "βατράχου",
        "4": "βατράχων",
        "5": "βάτραχο",
        "6": "βατράχους",
        "7": "βάτραχε",
        "8": "βάτραχοι",
        "ap": "",
        "gp": "",
        "gs": "",
        "note": "",
        "np": "",
        "vp": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "el",
          "name": "Amphibians",
          "orig": "el:Amphibians",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "froglet",
          "roman": "vatráchi",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "βατράχι"
        },
        {
          "english": "frog",
          "roman": "vatracháki",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "βατραχάκι"
        },
        {
          "english": "frogman",
          "roman": "vatrachánthropos",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "βατραχάνθρωπος"
        },
        {
          "english": "flipper",
          "roman": "vatrachopédilo",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "βατραχοπέδιλο"
        },
        {
          "english": "frog eating",
          "roman": "vatrachofágos",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "βατραχοφάγος"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "id": "en-βάτραχος-el-noun-dPpTJ8wP",
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "vatráchi",
          "tags": [
            "diminutive"
          ],
          "word": "βατράχι"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
    "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Semitic languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "grc:Amphibians"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "batrákhion",
      "word": "βατράχιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "batrakhomuomakhía",
      "word": "βατραχομυομαχία"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βάτραχος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachus",
          "name": "taxlink"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachia",
            "2": "superorder"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachia",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Batrachus, Batrachia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "batrachotoxin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: batrachotoxin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: batrachotoxin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "צְפַרְדֵּעַ",
        "tr": "ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "ضَفْدَع"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "σπορδακάς"
      },
      "expansion": "σπορδακάς (spordakás)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-χ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*-χ- (*-kh-)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krodu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krodu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "bruscus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frog or toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷredʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog, toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βρόταχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βρόταχος (brótakhos)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βάθρακος"
      },
      "expansion": "βάθρακος (báthrakos)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third.\nConcerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals.\nAn older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bátrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "roman": "ho bátrakhos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "hoi bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "roman": "toû batrákhou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων",
      "roman": "tôn batrákhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ",
      "roman": "tôi batrákhōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις",
      "roman": "toîs batrákhois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον",
      "roman": "tòn bátrakhon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους",
      "roman": "toùs batrákhous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχε",
      "roman": "bátrakhe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Most amazing [songs] by the swanlike frogs.",
          "text": "Aristophanes, Frogs, 207.\nβατράχων κύκνων θαυμαστά.\nbatrákhōn kúknōn thaumastá.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anglerfish",
          "anglerfish"
        ],
        [
          "Lophius piscatorius",
          "Lophius piscatorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈba.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "báthrakos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βάθρακος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bótrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βότραχος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "brótakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βρόταχος"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "IEW",
    "Ionic Greek",
    "Zakynthos"
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "froglet",
      "roman": "vatráchi",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "βατράχι"
    },
    {
      "english": "frog",
      "roman": "vatracháki",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "βατραχάκι"
    },
    {
      "english": "frogman",
      "roman": "vatrachánthropos",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "βατραχάνθρωπος"
    },
    {
      "english": "flipper",
      "roman": "vatrachopédilo",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "βατραχοπέδιλο"
    },
    {
      "english": "frog eating",
      "roman": "vatrachofágos",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "βατραχοφάγος"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "βάτραχος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vátrachos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχου",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχο",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βατράχους",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχε",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βάτραχοι",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "βάτραχοι",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "βάτραχοι"
      },
      "expansion": "βάτραχος • (vátrachos) m (plural βάτραχοι)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βάτραχος",
        "2": "βάτραχοι",
        "3": "βατράχου",
        "4": "βατράχων",
        "5": "βάτραχο",
        "6": "βατράχους",
        "7": "βάτραχε",
        "8": "βάτραχοι",
        "ap": "",
        "gp": "",
        "gs": "",
        "note": "",
        "np": "",
        "vp": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Greek lemmas",
        "Greek masculine nouns",
        "Greek nouns",
        "Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
        "Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
        "el:Amphibians"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "vatráchi",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "βατράχι"
    }
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.