"βάτραχος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "batrákhion",
      "word": "βατράχιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "batrakhomuomakhía",
      "word": "βατραχομυομαχία"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βάτραχος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachus",
          "name": "taxlink"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachia",
            "2": "superorder"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachia",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Batrachus, Batrachia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "batrachotoxin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: batrachotoxin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: batrachotoxin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "צְפַרְדֵּעַ",
        "tr": "ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "ضَفْدَع"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krodu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krodu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "bruscus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frog or toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷredʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog, toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third.\nConcerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals.\nAn older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bátrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "roman": "ho bátrakhos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "hoi bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "roman": "toû batrákhou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων",
      "roman": "tôn batrákhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ",
      "roman": "tôi batrákhōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις",
      "roman": "toîs batrákhois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον",
      "roman": "tòn bátrakhon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους",
      "roman": "toùs batrákhous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχε",
      "roman": "bátrakhe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Most amazing [songs] by the swanlike frogs.",
          "text": "Aristophanes, Frogs, 207.\nβατράχων κύκνων θαυμαστά.\nbatrákhōn kúknōn thaumastá.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "id": "en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-dPpTJ8wP",
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Amphibians",
          "orig": "grc:Amphibians",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)"
      ],
      "id": "en-βάτραχος-grc-noun-RHm4CVXX",
      "links": [
        [
          "anglerfish",
          "anglerfish"
        ],
        [
          "Lophius piscatorius",
          "Lophius piscatorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈba.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "báthrakos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βάθρακος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bótrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βότραχος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "brótakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βρόταχος"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "IEW",
    "Ionic Greek",
    "Zakynthos"
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
    "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Semitic languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Amphibians"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "batrákhion",
      "word": "βατράχιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "batrakhomuomakhía",
      "word": "βατραχομυομαχία"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βάτραχος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachus",
          "name": "taxlink"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Batrachia",
            "2": "superorder"
          },
          "expansion": "Batrachia",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Batrachus, Batrachia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "batrachotoxin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: batrachotoxin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: batrachotoxin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "צְפַרְדֵּעַ",
        "tr": "ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "ضَفْدَع"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krodu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krodu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "bruscus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frog or toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷredʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frog, toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third.\nConcerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals.\nAn older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bátrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
      "roman": "ho bátrakhos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "hoi bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
      "roman": "toû batrákhou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων",
      "roman": "tôn batrákhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ",
      "roman": "tôi batrákhōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν",
      "roman": "toîn batrákhoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις",
      "roman": "toîs batrákhois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον",
      "roman": "tòn bátrakhon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "tṑ batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους",
      "roman": "toùs batrákhous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχε",
      "roman": "bátrakhe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰτρᾰ́χω",
      "roman": "batrákhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βᾰ́τρᾰχοι",
      "roman": "bátrakhoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰτρᾰ́χου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος"
      },
      "expansion": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βᾰ́τρᾰχος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Most amazing [songs] by the swanlike frogs.",
          "text": "Aristophanes, Frogs, 207.\nβατράχων κύκνων θαυμαστά.\nbatrákhōn kúknōn thaumastá.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frog"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frog",
          "frog"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anglerfish",
          "anglerfish"
        ],
        [
          "Lophius piscatorius",
          "Lophius piscatorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bá.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈba.tra.kʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβa.tra.xos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈva.tra.xos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "báthrakos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βάθρακος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bótrakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βότραχος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "brótakhos",
      "tags": [
        "Ionic"
      ],
      "word": "βρόταχος"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "IEW",
    "Ionic Greek",
    "Zakynthos"
  ],
  "word": "βάτραχος"
}