See łańcuch on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuch górski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuch pokarmowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuchówka"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ланцу́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ланцу́г (lancúh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ланцу́г (lancúh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ланцу́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ланцу́г (lancúg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ланцу́г (lancúg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ланцю́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "łańcuch",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish łańcuch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "łańcuch"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish łańcuch",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "lancúch"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech lancúch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "lanne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German lanne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "zug"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zug",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lanna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lanna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "lanna"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin lanna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "lāmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin lāmina",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "rzeciądz//wrzeciądz",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "rzeciądz//wrzeciądz"
},
"expansion": "Displaced Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz",
"name": "displaced"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish łańcuch, from Old Czech lancúch, from an unattested compound of Middle High German lanne and Middle High German zug, the former from Old High German lanna, from Vulgar Latin lanna, from Latin lāmina, the latter from Proto-Germanic *tugiz. Displaced Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "łańcuszek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuszny",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcucha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "łańcuchowy",
"adj2": "łańcuszny<q:Middle Polish>",
"dim": "łańcuszek"
},
"expansion": "łańcuch m inan (diminutive łańcuszek, related adjective łańcuchowy or (Middle Polish) łańcuszny)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"łań‧cuch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "łańcucha"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuszkowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuchowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuszkowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcuszno"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chain (series of interconnected rings or links)"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-uzkdP-Eq",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 60 2 3 8 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Christmas",
"orig": "pl:Christmas",
"parents": [
"Christianity",
"Holidays",
"Abrahamism",
"Observances",
"Religion",
"Calendar",
"Culture",
"Timekeeping",
"Society",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tinsel (very thin decorative strips of a glittering, metallic material, often strung on to thread and used as a decoration on Christmas trees)"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-f7pmIDj3",
"links": [
[
"tinsel",
"tinsel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "girlanda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chain (series of interconnected things)"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-6~owQb49",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chain of events"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-zjIHizyZ",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "pl:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chain of atoms"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-6yOFxxC3",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"atom",
"atom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) chain of atoms"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Set theory",
"orig": "pl:Set theory",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 24 2 3 14 40 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 25 2 2 21 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 1 2 22 37 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 17 2 3 20 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 2 2 20 34 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 2 2 19 35 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chain (totally ordered subset)"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-TOt-fHcL",
"links": [
[
"set theory",
"set theory"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(order theory, set theory) chain (totally ordered subset)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"order-theory",
"sciences",
"set-theory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "pl:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"string (sequence of consecutive text characters)"
],
"id": "en-łańcuch-pl-noun-0yVd5MT8",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) string (sequence of consecutive text characters)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɲ.t͡sux/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɫaɲ.t͡sux/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɲt͡sux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ancuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lencuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łancuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "łącuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"word": "leńcuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lańcuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lejcuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lencoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leńcoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lęjcuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łajcuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łańcug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "łyńcuch"
}
],
"word": "łańcuch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Czech",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/aɲt͡sux",
"Rhymes:Polish/aɲt͡sux/2 syllables",
"pl:Christmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "łańcuch górski"
},
{
"word": "łańcuch pokarmowy"
},
{
"word": "łańcuchówka"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ланцу́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ланцу́г (lancúh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ланцу́г (lancúh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ланцу́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ланцу́г (lancúg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ланцу́г (lancúg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ланцю́г",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "łańcuch",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish łańcuch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "łańcuch"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish łańcuch",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "lancúch"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech lancúch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "lanne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German lanne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "zug"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zug",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lanna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lanna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "lanna"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin lanna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "lāmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin lāmina",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "rzeciądz//wrzeciądz",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "rzeciądz//wrzeciądz"
},
"expansion": "Displaced Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz",
"name": "displaced"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish łańcuch, from Old Czech lancúch, from an unattested compound of Middle High German lanne and Middle High German zug, the former from Old High German lanna, from Vulgar Latin lanna, from Latin lāmina, the latter from Proto-Germanic *tugiz. Displaced Old Polish rzeciądz /wrzeciądz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "łańcuszek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuszny",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcucha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "łańcuchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "łańcuchowy",
"adj2": "łańcuszny<q:Middle Polish>",
"dim": "łańcuszek"
},
"expansion": "łańcuch m inan (diminutive łańcuszek, related adjective łańcuchowy or (Middle Polish) łańcuszny)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"łań‧cuch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "łańcucha"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "łańcuszkowy"
},
{
"word": "łańcuchowo"
},
{
"word": "łańcuszkowo"
},
{
"word": "łańcuszno"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chain (series of interconnected rings or links)"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tinsel (very thin decorative strips of a glittering, metallic material, often strung on to thread and used as a decoration on Christmas trees)"
],
"links": [
[
"tinsel",
"tinsel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "girlanda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chain (series of interconnected things)"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chain of events"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"chain of atoms"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"atom",
"atom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) chain of atoms"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Set theory"
],
"glosses": [
"chain (totally ordered subset)"
],
"links": [
[
"set theory",
"set theory"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(order theory, set theory) chain (totally ordered subset)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"order-theory",
"sciences",
"set-theory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"string (sequence of consecutive text characters)"
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) string (sequence of consecutive text characters)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɲ.t͡sux/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɫaɲ.t͡sux/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɲt͡sux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ancuch"
},
{
"word": "lencuch"
},
{
"word": "łancuch"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "łącuch"
},
{
"roman": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"word": "leńcuch"
},
{
"word": "lańcuch"
},
{
"word": "lejcuch"
},
{
"word": "lencoch"
},
{
"word": "leńcoch"
},
{
"word": "lęjcuch"
},
{
"word": "łajcuch"
},
{
"word": "łańcug"
},
{
"word": "łyńcuch"
}
],
"word": "łańcuch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for łańcuch meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.