"ģints" meaning in All languages combined

See ģints on Wiktionary

Noun [Latvian]

IPA: [ɟìnts]
Etymology: Traditionally considered borrowed from Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”). But the Lithuanian form has en instead of in; in occurs only in some Eastern Lithuanian dialects. Also, in the 17th century, Latvian forms with in are attested in Semigallia (Zemgale), agreeing with the [in] in Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”); it may therefore be that ģints was originally not a borrowing but an old Curonian word which later spread from Western Latvia to Semigallia. Note that older Semigallian dialects sometimes conserved initial ģ (> dz in standard Latvian): cf. place names like Ģintumi or Ģinuļi. If this is the case, then ģints, like Lithuanian gentìs, reflects Proto-Indo-European *ǵen- (< *ǵenh₁-) “to create,” “to give birth” (via an unaltered Proto-Baltic *gint-, where the initial g, instead of ž, results from either the influence of the related stem *gʷem-, whence also dzemdēt “to give birth,” or from conservative dialectal variants). Etymology templates: {{bor|lv|lt|gentìs||family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative}} Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”), {{cog|lt|-}} Lithuanian, {{cog|lt|-}} Lithuanian, {{noncog|lv|-}} Latvian, {{cog|prg|gyntos||men, husbands}} Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”), {{m|lv|ģints}} ģints, {{noncog|lv|-}} Latvian, {{m|lv|Ģintumi}} Ģintumi, {{m|lv|Ģinuļi}} Ģinuļi, {{m|lv|ģints}} ģints, {{cog|lt|gentìs}} Lithuanian gentìs, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|*ǵen-}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵen-, {{m|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-}} *ǵenh₁-, {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*gint-}} Proto-Baltic *gint-, {{m|ine-pro|*gʷem-}} *gʷem-, {{m|lv|dzemdēt}} dzemdēt Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=f|g2=|head=|sort=}} ģints f, {{lv-noun|f|6th}} ģints f (6th declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|ģin|s|6th||t|š|extrawidth=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-6|ģin|s|4=|5=t|6=š|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|ģints|ģintis|ģinti|ģintis|ģints|ģinšu|ģintij|ģintīm|ģinti|ģintīm|ģintī|ģintīs|ģints|ģintis|type=6th declension|x=-60}} Forms: declension-6 [table-tags], ģints [nominative, singular], ģintis [nominative, plural], ģinti [accusative, singular], ģintis [accusative, plural], ģints [genitive, singular], ģinšu [genitive, plural], ģintij [dative, singular], ģintīm [dative, plural], ģinti [instrumental, singular], ģintīm [instrumental, plural], ģintī [locative, singular], ģintīs [locative, plural], ģints [singular, vocative], ģintis [plural, vocative]
  1. (history, anthropology) family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor) Tags: declension-6, feminine Categories (topical): Anthropology, History, Family Synonyms (dated term): famīlija Synonyms (of "extended family, " "kin group"): dzimta Synonyms (of "family"): ģimene Synonyms (of "household, " "family + servants"): saime
    Sense id: en-ģints-lv-noun-lVnjrpi9 Disambiguation of Family: 55 23 22 Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian words with falling intonation Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 47 22 31 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 48 19 33 Disambiguation of Latvian words with falling intonation: 41 20 39 Topics: anthropology, history, human-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'dated term': 54 24 22 Disambiguation of 'of "extended family, " "kin group"': 60 18 22 Disambiguation of 'of "family"': 66 0 34 Disambiguation of 'of "household, " "family + servants"': 58 13 29
  2. (poetic) people (group of people with common interests, ideas, goals, viewpoints) Tags: declension-6, feminine, poetic
    Sense id: en-ģints-lv-noun-sZflCB4- Categories (other): Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian words with falling intonation Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Latvian words with falling intonation: 41 20 39
  3. (biology, taxonomy) genus (a group of species) Tags: declension-6, feminine Categories (topical): Biology, Taxonomy
    Sense id: en-ģints-lv-noun-a9XDIzNv Categories (other): Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Latvian undefined derivations, Latvian words with falling intonation Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Latvian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 34 21 45 Disambiguation of Latvian undefined derivations: 32 22 46 Disambiguation of Latvian words with falling intonation: 41 20 39 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, taxonomy

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ģints meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "lt",
        "3": "gentìs",
        "4": "",
        "5": "family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "gyntos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "men, husbands"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ģints"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Ģintumi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ģintumi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Ģinuļi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ģinuļi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ģints"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gentìs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gentìs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "4": "*ǵen-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵen-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*gint-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *gint-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷem-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷem-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dzemdēt"
      },
      "expansion": "dzemdēt",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally considered borrowed from Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”). But the Lithuanian form has en instead of in; in occurs only in some Eastern Lithuanian dialects. Also, in the 17th century, Latvian forms with in are attested in Semigallia (Zemgale), agreeing with the [in] in Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”); it may therefore be that ģints was originally not a borrowing but an old Curonian word which later spread from Western Latvia to Semigallia. Note that older Semigallian dialects sometimes conserved initial ģ (> dz in standard Latvian): cf. place names like Ģintumi or Ģinuļi. If this is the case, then ģints, like Lithuanian gentìs, reflects Proto-Indo-European *ǵen- (< *ǵenh₁-) “to create,” “to give birth” (via an unaltered Proto-Baltic *gint-, where the initial g, instead of ž, results from either the influence of the related stem *gʷem-, whence also dzemdēt “to give birth,” or from conservative dialectal variants).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-6",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ģints f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "6th"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints f (6th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģin",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "6th",
        "4": "",
        "5": "t",
        "6": "š",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģin",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "t",
        "6": "š",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-6"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģints",
        "10": "ģintīm",
        "11": "ģintī",
        "12": "ģintīs",
        "13": "ģints",
        "14": "ģintis",
        "2": "ģintis",
        "3": "ģinti",
        "4": "ģintis",
        "5": "ģints",
        "6": "ģinšu",
        "7": "ģintij",
        "8": "ģintīm",
        "9": "ģinti",
        "type": "6th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Anthropology",
          "orig": "lv:Anthropology",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Zoology",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "Biology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "History",
          "orig": "lv:History",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 22 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 20 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 23 22",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Family",
          "orig": "lv:Family",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "patriarchal family",
          "text": "patriarhālā ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "family order, organization, system",
          "text": "ģints iekārta",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "familiar society (i.e., composed of families)",
          "text": "ģints sabiedrība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "maternal, matriarchal family (where descent goes through the mother's line)",
          "text": "mātes ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "paternal, patriarchal family (where descent goes through the father's line)",
          "text": "tēvas ģints",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ģints-lv-noun-lVnjrpi9",
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ],
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ],
        [
          "kin",
          "kin"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group"
        ],
        [
          "clan",
          "clan"
        ],
        [
          "primitive",
          "primitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "unit",
          "unit#English"
        ],
        [
          "social",
          "social#English"
        ],
        [
          "organization",
          "organization#English"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base#English"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood#English"
        ],
        [
          "relation",
          "relation#English"
        ],
        [
          "lineage",
          "lineage#English"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common#English"
        ],
        [
          "ancestor",
          "ancestor#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history, anthropology) family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "66 0 34",
          "sense": "of \"family\"",
          "word": "ģimene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "58 13 29",
          "sense": "of \"household, \" \"family + servants\"",
          "word": "saime"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 18 22",
          "sense": "of \"extended family, \" \"kin group\"",
          "word": "dzimta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 24 22",
          "sense": "dated term",
          "word": "famīlija"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 20 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "but the house itself stands! it is founded upon a rock, / and it is protected by the young working people",
          "text": "bet stāv pats nams! viņš dibināts uz klints, / un viņu sargā jaunā darba ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "remember, remember the hero people, / they walked on fire to open the gates for you",
          "text": "atceries, atceries varoņu ģinti, / ugunīs gāja tie vārtus tev vērt",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people (group of people with common interests, ideas, goals, viewpoints)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ģints-lv-noun-sZflCB4-",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common#English"
        ],
        [
          "interest",
          "interest#English"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea#English"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal#English"
        ],
        [
          "viewpoint",
          "viewpoint#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) people (group of people with common interests, ideas, goals, viewpoints)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "lv:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Taxonomy",
          "orig": "lv:Taxonomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Evolutionary theory",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 21 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 22 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 20 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "families are divided into genera... in the hare family (Leporidae) there are two genera: the rabbit genus (Oryctolagus) and the hare genus (Lepus)",
          "text": "dzimtas iedala ģintīs... zaķu dzimtā ir divas ģintis: trušu ģints un zaķu ġints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zemeņu ģintī izšķiram dārza zemeņu, meža zemeņu un spradzeņu sugas ― in the strawberry genus we distinguish the garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and the spradzene (Fragaria viridis) species",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genus (a group of species)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ģints-lv-noun-a9XDIzNv",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "taxonomy",
          "taxonomy"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology, taxonomy) genus (a group of species)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "taxonomy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɟìnts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ģints"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian feminine nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian noun forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian sixth declension nouns",
    "Latvian terms borrowed from Lithuanian",
    "Latvian terms derived from Lithuanian",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian words with falling intonation",
    "lv:Family"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "lt",
        "3": "gentìs",
        "4": "",
        "5": "family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "gyntos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "men, husbands"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ģints"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Ģintumi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ģintumi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Ģinuļi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ģinuļi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ģints"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gentìs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gentìs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "4": "*ǵen-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵen-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*gint-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *gint-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷem-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷem-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dzemdēt"
      },
      "expansion": "dzemdēt",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally considered borrowed from Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”). But the Lithuanian form has en instead of in; in occurs only in some Eastern Lithuanian dialects. Also, in the 17th century, Latvian forms with in are attested in Semigallia (Zemgale), agreeing with the [in] in Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”); it may therefore be that ģints was originally not a borrowing but an old Curonian word which later spread from Western Latvia to Semigallia. Note that older Semigallian dialects sometimes conserved initial ģ (> dz in standard Latvian): cf. place names like Ģintumi or Ģinuļi. If this is the case, then ģints, like Lithuanian gentìs, reflects Proto-Indo-European *ǵen- (< *ǵenh₁-) “to create,” “to give birth” (via an unaltered Proto-Baltic *gint-, where the initial g, instead of ž, results from either the influence of the related stem *gʷem-, whence also dzemdēt “to give birth,” or from conservative dialectal variants).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-6",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģinti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģints",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ģintis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ģints f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "6th"
      },
      "expansion": "ģints f (6th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģin",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "6th",
        "4": "",
        "5": "t",
        "6": "š",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģin",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "t",
        "6": "š",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-6"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ģints",
        "10": "ģintīm",
        "11": "ģintī",
        "12": "ģintīs",
        "13": "ģints",
        "14": "ģintis",
        "2": "ģintis",
        "3": "ģinti",
        "4": "ģintis",
        "5": "ģints",
        "6": "ģinšu",
        "7": "ģintij",
        "8": "ģintīm",
        "9": "ģinti",
        "type": "6th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Anthropology",
        "lv:History"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "patriarchal family",
          "text": "patriarhālā ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "family order, organization, system",
          "text": "ģints iekārta",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "familiar society (i.e., composed of families)",
          "text": "ģints sabiedrība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "maternal, matriarchal family (where descent goes through the mother's line)",
          "text": "mātes ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "paternal, patriarchal family (where descent goes through the father's line)",
          "text": "tēvas ģints",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ],
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ],
        [
          "kin",
          "kin"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group"
        ],
        [
          "clan",
          "clan"
        ],
        [
          "primitive",
          "primitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "unit",
          "unit#English"
        ],
        [
          "social",
          "social#English"
        ],
        [
          "organization",
          "organization#English"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base#English"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood#English"
        ],
        [
          "relation",
          "relation#English"
        ],
        [
          "lineage",
          "lineage#English"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common#English"
        ],
        [
          "ancestor",
          "ancestor#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history, anthropology) family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian poetic terms",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "but the house itself stands! it is founded upon a rock, / and it is protected by the young working people",
          "text": "bet stāv pats nams! viņš dibināts uz klints, / un viņu sargā jaunā darba ģints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "remember, remember the hero people, / they walked on fire to open the gates for you",
          "text": "atceries, atceries varoņu ģinti, / ugunīs gāja tie vārtus tev vērt",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people (group of people with common interests, ideas, goals, viewpoints)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common#English"
        ],
        [
          "interest",
          "interest#English"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea#English"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal#English"
        ],
        [
          "viewpoint",
          "viewpoint#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) people (group of people with common interests, ideas, goals, viewpoints)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (nothospecies)",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Biology",
        "lv:Taxonomy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "families are divided into genera... in the hare family (Leporidae) there are two genera: the rabbit genus (Oryctolagus) and the hare genus (Lepus)",
          "text": "dzimtas iedala ģintīs... zaķu dzimtā ir divas ģintis: trušu ģints un zaķu ġints",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zemeņu ģintī izšķiram dārza zemeņu, meža zemeņu un spradzeņu sugas ― in the strawberry genus we distinguish the garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and the spradzene (Fragaria viridis) species",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genus (a group of species)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "taxonomy",
          "taxonomy"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology, taxonomy) genus (a group of species)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-6",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "taxonomy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɟìnts]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"family\"",
      "word": "ģimene"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"household, \" \"family + servants\"",
      "word": "saime"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"extended family, \" \"kin group\"",
      "word": "dzimta"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dated term",
      "word": "famīlija"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ģints"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.