See či on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dříve či později"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"či",
"či#Old_Czech"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech či",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech či, from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "To be, or not to be?",
"text": "Být, či nebýt?",
"translation": "To be, or not to be?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
81
],
[
164,
166
]
],
"ref": "1925, Jaroslav Hašek, Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války:",
"text": "Lidožrouti ostrovů Guinejských i Polynésie, než sežerou slavnostně své zajatce či lidi nepotřebné, jako misionáře, cestovatele a jednatele různých obchodních firem či prosté zvědavce, obětují předtím svým bohům, vykonávajíce nejrozmanitější náboženské výkony.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"id": "en-či-cs-conj-cXVRejcL",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nebo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"english": "He didn't know whether he should send it.",
"text": "Nevěděl, či to má poslat.",
"translation": "He didn't know whether he should send it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whether, if"
],
"id": "en-či-cs-conj-Sgx65z9~",
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) whether, if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zda"
},
{
"word": "zdali"
},
{
"word": "jestli"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɪ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9056 (ces)-Ghost4Man-či.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "či"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_interrogative_root"
],
[
"*kʷí-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*-h₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₁"
],
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*či",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nOld Czech či\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"či\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nOld Czech či\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whether, if"
],
"id": "en-či-zlw-ocs-conj-Sgx65z9~",
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) whether, if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zda"
},
{
"word": "zdali"
},
{
"word": "jestli"
}
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"id": "en-či-zlw-ocs-conj-cXVRejcL",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nebo"
}
]
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"id": "en-či-sh-conj-k19oMZ1P",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kajkavian) if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ako"
},
{
"word": "če"
}
],
"tags": [
"Kajkavian"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃi/"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_interrogative_root"
],
[
"*kʷí-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*-h₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₁"
],
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*či",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nSlovak či\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Slovak\", \"term\" : \"či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sk\" }\" data-lang=\"sk\" data-title=\"či\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nSlovak či\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if, whether"
],
"id": "en-či-sk-conj-7FMZqRH4",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "či",
"word": "ᠴᠢ"
},
{
"lang": "Phags-Pa",
"lang_code": "xng",
"word": "ꡅꡞ"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "či",
"word": "جي"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Mongol",
"lang_code": "xng"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "či",
"word": "ᠴᠢ"
},
{
"lang": "Khalkha Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn-kha",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn"
},
{
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "ši",
"word": "ши"
},
{
"lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
"lang_code": "ykh",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"lang_code": "xal",
"roman": "çi",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Daur",
"lang_code": "dta",
"word": "shii"
},
{
"lang": "East Yugur",
"lang_code": "yuy",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mangghuer",
"lang_code": "mjg-mgr",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"lang": "Mongghul",
"lang_code": "mjg-mgl",
"word": "qi"
}
],
"lang": "Monguor",
"lang_code": "mjg"
},
{
"lang": "Bonan",
"lang_code": "peh",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"lang": "Kangjia",
"lang_code": "kxs",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"lang": "Mogholi",
"lang_code": "mhj",
"word": "ci"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*sẹ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sẹ"
],
[
"*si",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/si"
],
[
"sen",
"sen#Turkish"
],
[
"си",
"си#Evenki"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*sẹ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sẹ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*si"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *si",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "sen"
},
"expansion": "Turkish sen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "си"
},
"expansion": "Evenki си (si)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Somewhat similar to Proto-Turkic *sẹ and Proto-Tungusic *si. Compare Turkish sen, Evenki си (si).\nWhether this similarity is due to inheritance (now considered highly unlikely), borrowing or coincidence is a highly contentious question among specialists in these languages which is of crucial significance for the Altaic debate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/či",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you (personal pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-či-xgn-pro-pron-D19NGiS7",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cy",
"word": "ци"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ci",
"word": "ці"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cy",
"word": "ци"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ci",
"word": "ці"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чы"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "či",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "cʹi",
"word": "ци"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "če"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "че"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "če"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "čì"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "či"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "či"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "czi"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "či"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "cĕ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "czë"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*kʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*kʷe-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"quī",
"qui#Latin"
],
[
"𐬗𐬌𐬱",
"𐬗𐬌𐬱#Avestan"
],
[
"hwi",
"hwi#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*kʷíh₁"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*či\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷíh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quī",
"t": "how? why?"
},
"expansion": "Latin quī (“how? why?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-; compare Latin quī (“how? why?”), Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš), Old Saxon hwi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "sla-con"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if, whether"
],
"id": "en-či-sla-pro-conj-7FMZqRH4",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"id": "en-či-sla-pro-conj-cXVRejcL",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech conjunctions",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dříve či později"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"či",
"či#Old_Czech"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech či",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech či, from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech terms with quotations",
"Czech terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Czech quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "To be, or not to be?",
"text": "Být, či nebýt?",
"translation": "To be, or not to be?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
81
],
[
164,
166
]
],
"ref": "1925, Jaroslav Hašek, Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války:",
"text": "Lidožrouti ostrovů Guinejských i Polynésie, než sežerou slavnostně své zajatce či lidi nepotřebné, jako misionáře, cestovatele a jednatele různých obchodních firem či prosté zvědavce, obětují předtím svým bohům, vykonávajíce nejrozmanitější náboženské výkony.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nebo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Czech terms with archaic senses",
"Czech terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"english": "He didn't know whether he should send it.",
"text": "Nevěděl, či to má poslat.",
"translation": "He didn't know whether he should send it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whether, if"
],
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) whether, if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zda"
},
{
"word": "zdali"
},
{
"word": "jestli"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɪ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9056 (ces)-Ghost4Man-či.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-%C4%8Di.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech conjunctions",
"Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
"Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
"Old Czech entries with etymon",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "či"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_interrogative_root"
],
[
"*kʷí-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*-h₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₁"
],
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*či",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nOld Czech či\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"či\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nOld Czech či\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whether, if"
],
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) whether, if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zda"
},
{
"word": "zdali"
},
{
"word": "jestli"
}
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nebo"
}
]
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "či",
"word": "ᠴᠢ"
},
{
"lang": "Phags-Pa",
"lang_code": "xng",
"word": "ꡅꡞ"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "či",
"word": "جي"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Mongol",
"lang_code": "xng"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "či",
"word": "ᠴᠢ"
},
{
"lang": "Khalkha Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn-kha",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn"
},
{
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "ši",
"word": "ши"
},
{
"lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
"lang_code": "ykh",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"lang_code": "xal",
"roman": "çi",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Daur",
"lang_code": "dta",
"word": "shii"
},
{
"lang": "East Yugur",
"lang_code": "yuy",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mangghuer",
"lang_code": "mjg-mgr",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"lang": "Mongghul",
"lang_code": "mjg-mgl",
"word": "qi"
}
],
"lang": "Monguor",
"lang_code": "mjg"
},
{
"lang": "Bonan",
"lang_code": "peh",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"lang": "Kangjia",
"lang_code": "kxs",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"lang": "Mogholi",
"lang_code": "mhj",
"word": "ci"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*sẹ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sẹ"
],
[
"*si",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/si"
],
[
"sen",
"sen#Turkish"
],
[
"си",
"си#Evenki"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*sẹ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sẹ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*si"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *si",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "sen"
},
"expansion": "Turkish sen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "си"
},
"expansion": "Evenki си (si)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Somewhat similar to Proto-Turkic *sẹ and Proto-Tungusic *si. Compare Turkish sen, Evenki си (si).\nWhether this similarity is due to inheritance (now considered highly unlikely), borrowing or coincidence is a highly contentious question among specialists in these languages which is of crucial significance for the Altaic debate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/či",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic pronouns"
],
"glosses": [
"you (personal pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cy",
"word": "ци"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ci",
"word": "ці"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cy",
"word": "ци"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ci",
"word": "ці"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "čy",
"word": "чы"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "či",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "cʹi",
"word": "ци"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "če"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "че"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "če"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "čì"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "či"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "či"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "czi"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "czy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "či",
"word": "чи"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "či"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "či"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "cĕ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "czë"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*kʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*kʷe-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"quī",
"qui#Latin"
],
[
"𐬗𐬌𐬱",
"𐬗𐬌𐬱#Avestan"
],
[
"hwi",
"hwi#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*kʷíh₁"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*či\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷíh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quī",
"t": "how? why?"
},
"expansion": "Latin quī (“how? why?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-; compare Latin quī (“how? why?”), Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš), Old Saxon hwi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*či",
"name": "sla-con"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"if, whether"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian conjunctions",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kajkavian) if"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ako"
},
{
"word": "če"
}
],
"tags": [
"Kajkavian"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃi/"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_interrogative_root"
],
[
"*kʷí-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís"
],
[
"*-h₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₁"
],
[
"*kʷíh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
],
[
"*či",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/či"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*či",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nSlovak či\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Slovak\", \"term\" : \"či\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sk\" }\" data-lang=\"sk\" data-title=\"či\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷí-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁\nProto-Slavic *či\nSlovak či\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "či",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Slovak conjunctions",
"Slovak entries with etymology texts",
"Slovak entries with etymology trees",
"Slovak entries with etymon",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak lemmas",
"Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís",
"Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"if, whether"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "či"
}
Download raw JSONL data for či meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.