"čeľadь" meaning in All languages combined

See čeľadь on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis, of uncertain origin. Main interpretations include: * Primarily meaning “cluster, group of relatives/associates”, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”), possibly Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”). * Generalized from an earlier meaning “establishment, formation”, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”). Likely akin to Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”), kilmė̃ (“origin”). In the past, has been further compared with Irish clann (“offspring”) (whence English clan), which nowadays is generally considered a Cymric loanword of Latin origin, ultimately from unrelated Latin planta (“sprout”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*keljāˀdis}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*(s)kʷel-||to rally (a group), to crowd}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”), {{cog|gem-pro|*skulō||multitude}} Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”), {{cog|sa|कुल||family, kin, community, caste|tr=kúlam}} Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kelH-||to rise, to lift}} Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”), {{cog|lt|kiltìs||kin}} Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”), {{m|lt|kilmė̃||origin}} kilmė̃ (“origin”), {{cog|ga|clann||offspring}} Irish clann (“offspring”), {{cog|en|clan}} English clan, {{cog|la|planta||sprout}} Latin planta (“sprout”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|čeľadь|g=f|stem=i}} Forms: čȅľadь [canonical, feminine], no-table-tags [table-tags], nominative, čeľadь [singular], čeľadi [dual], čeľadi [plural], genitive, čeľadi [singular], čeľadьju [dual], čeľadьjь [plural], dative, čeľadьma [dual], čeľadьmъ [plural], accusative, instrumental, čeľadьjǫ [singular], čeľadьmi [plural], locative, čeľadьxъ [plural], vocative
  1. hird, household Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *domakynьstvo, *sěmь
    Sense id: en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-zmSqVSj-
  2. (collective) children, offsprings Tags: collective, reconstruction Synonyms: *domočędьje, *děti vъ sěmi (english: as a phrase) Derived forms (*čeľadьnъ (“having children”)): čeľadьnikъ (english: married man)
    Sense id: en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-2YKtAgUJ Disambiguation of '*čeľadьnъ (“having children”)': 3 75 22
  3. (collective) servants, domestic workers Tags: collective, reconstruction Synonyms: *prisluga
    Sense id: en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-c0Hnf87w Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ědь Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 1 28 70 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ědь: 5 27 68
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: čeľadinъ [masculine], čeľadina (english: servant) [feminine], čeľadę (english: pal, guy), čeľadъka (english: married woman) Related terms: čelověkъ (english: human), kolěno (english: lineage), pokolěnьje (english: generation)

Download JSON data for čeľadь meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "čeľadinъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "čeľadina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "pal, guy",
      "word": "čeľadę"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "married woman",
      "word": "čeľadъka"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "челѧдь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: челѧдь (čelędĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: челѧдь (čelędĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "чэ́лядзь"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: чэ́лядзь (čéljadzʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: чэ́лядзь (čéljadzʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "че́лядь"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "че́лядь"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "челꙗдь",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: челꙗдь (čeljadĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: челꙗдь (čeljadĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Unspecified script:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Unspecified script:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́ляд"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: че́ляд (čéljad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: че́ляд (čéljad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "челад"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: челад (čelad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: челад (čelad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "че̏ља̄д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: че̏ља̄д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: че̏ља̄д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čȅljād",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čȅljād",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čȅljād"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "čeled"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: čeled",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: čeled"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čeleď"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čeleď",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čeleď"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "czeladź"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: czeladź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: czeladź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomerian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "czelôdz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: czelôdz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: czelôdz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "czêlódz"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: czêlódz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: czêlódz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "čeľaď"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: čeľaď",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: čeľaď"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "čelaź"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: čelaź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: čelaź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "čeledź"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čeledź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: čeledź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "család",
            "3": "cseléd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: család, cseléd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: család, cseléd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "celed",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: celed",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: celed"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*keljāˀdis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kʷel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rally (a group), to crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skulō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कुल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "family, kin, community, caste",
        "tr": "kúlam"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rise, to lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kiltìs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "kin"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kilmė̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "origin"
      },
      "expansion": "kilmė̃ (“origin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "clann",
        "3": "",
        "4": "offspring"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish clann (“offspring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "clan"
      },
      "expansion": "English clan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "planta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sprout"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin planta (“sprout”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis, of uncertain origin. Main interpretations include:\n* Primarily meaning “cluster, group of relatives/associates”, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”), possibly Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”).\n* Generalized from an earlier meaning “establishment, formation”, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”).\nLikely akin to Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”), kilmė̃ (“origin”).\nIn the past, has been further compared with Irish clann (“offspring”) (whence English clan), which nowadays is generally considered a Cymric loanword of Latin origin, ultimately from unrelated Latin planta (“sprout”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čȅľadь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьju",
      "roman": "čeľaďu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьjь",
      "roman": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьjǫ",
      "roman": "čeľaďǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьmi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čeľadь",
        "g": "f",
        "stem": "i"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čeľadь",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "human",
      "word": "čelověkъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "lineage",
      "word": "kolěno"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "generation",
      "word": "pokolěnьje"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hird, household"
      ],
      "id": "en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-zmSqVSj-",
      "links": [
        [
          "hird",
          "hird"
        ],
        [
          "household",
          "household"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*domakynьstvo"
        },
        {
          "word": "*sěmь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 75 22",
          "english": "married man",
          "sense": "*čeľadьnъ (“having children”)",
          "word": "čeľadьnikъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "children, offsprings"
      ],
      "id": "en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-2YKtAgUJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "children",
          "children"
        ],
        [
          "offspring",
          "offspring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) children, offsprings"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*domočędьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "as a phrase",
          "word": "*děti vъ sěmi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 28 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 27 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ědь",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servants, domestic workers"
      ],
      "id": "en-čeľadь-sla-pro-noun-c0Hnf87w",
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "domestic worker",
          "domestic worker"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) servants, domestic workers"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prisluga"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj"
  ],
  "word": "čeľadь"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ědь"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "čeľadinъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "čeľadina"
    },
    {
      "english": "pal, guy",
      "word": "čeľadę"
    },
    {
      "english": "married woman",
      "word": "čeľadъka"
    },
    {
      "english": "married man",
      "sense": "*čeľadьnъ (“having children”)",
      "word": "čeľadьnikъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "челѧдь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: челѧдь (čelędĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: челѧдь (čelędĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "чэ́лядзь"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: чэ́лядзь (čéljadzʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: чэ́лядзь (čéljadzʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "че́лядь"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "че́лядь"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: че́лядь (čéljadʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "челꙗдь",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: челꙗдь (čeljadĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: челꙗдь (čeljadĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Unspecified script:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Unspecified script:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́ляд"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: че́ляд (čéljad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: че́ляд (čéljad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "челад"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: челад (čelad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: челад (čelad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "че̏ља̄д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: че̏ља̄д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: че̏ља̄д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čȅljād",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čȅljād",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čȅljād"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "čeled"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: čeled",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: čeled"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čeleď"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čeleď",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čeleď"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "czeladź"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: czeladź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: czeladź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomerian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "czelôdz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: czelôdz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: czelôdz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "czêlódz"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: czêlódz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: czêlódz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "čeľaď"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: čeľaď",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: čeľaď"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "čelaź"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: čelaź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: čelaź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "čeledź"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čeledź",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: čeledź"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "család",
            "3": "cseléd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: család, cseléd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: család, cseléd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "celed",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: celed",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: celed"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*keljāˀdis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kʷel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rally (a group), to crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skulō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कुल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "family, kin, community, caste",
        "tr": "kúlam"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rise, to lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kiltìs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "kin"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kilmė̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "origin"
      },
      "expansion": "kilmė̃ (“origin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "clann",
        "3": "",
        "4": "offspring"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish clann (“offspring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "clan"
      },
      "expansion": "English clan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "planta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sprout"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin planta (“sprout”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis, of uncertain origin. Main interpretations include:\n* Primarily meaning “cluster, group of relatives/associates”, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”), possibly Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”).\n* Generalized from an earlier meaning “establishment, formation”, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”).\nLikely akin to Lithuanian kiltìs (“kin”), kilmė̃ (“origin”).\nIn the past, has been further compared with Irish clann (“offspring”) (whence English clan), which nowadays is generally considered a Cymric loanword of Latin origin, ultimately from unrelated Latin planta (“sprout”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čȅľadь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьju",
      "roman": "čeľaďu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьjь",
      "roman": "čeľadi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьjǫ",
      "roman": "čeľaďǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьmi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "čeľadьxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čeľadь",
        "g": "f",
        "stem": "i"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čeľadь",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "human",
      "word": "čelověkъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "lineage",
      "word": "kolěno"
    },
    {
      "english": "generation",
      "word": "pokolěnьje"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hird, household"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hird",
          "hird"
        ],
        [
          "household",
          "household"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*domakynьstvo"
        },
        {
          "word": "*sěmь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic collective nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "children, offsprings"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "children",
          "children"
        ],
        [
          "offspring",
          "offspring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) children, offsprings"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*domočędьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "as a phrase",
          "word": "*děti vъ sěmi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic collective nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servants, domestic workers"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "domestic worker",
          "domestic worker"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) servants, domestic workers"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prisluga"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj"
  ],
  "word": "čeľadь"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.