See čakls on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to run, to flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, to flow”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬀𐬐",
"3": "",
"4": "stream, torrent"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐 (tak, “stream, torrent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तकु",
"3": "तकुः",
"4": "hurried, quick, mobile",
"tr": "tákuḥ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तकुः (tákuḥ, “hurried, quick, mobile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тӕх",
"3": "",
"4": "quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian тӕх (tæx, “quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ταχύς",
"3": "",
"4": "swift, quick, agile"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift, quick, agile”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from an obsolete verb tekt (“to rush, to run, to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, to flow”), whence also tecēt (“to flow”); the meaning changed from “moving quickly” to “working hard.” The e → a change parallels tecēt, taka (“path”). The t → č change (palatalization) is not regular in Latvian, which suggests either an expressive or affective feature (compare aiča, meiča, from aita (“sheep”), meita (“girl, daughter”)), or the former existence of parallel forms with a and e: *tekls + *takls → *tʲakls; compare dialectal čekls ([tʃækls]). Note that the same stem also palatalized in Tocharian cake (“river”), Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐 (tak, “stream, torrent”); since both the ancient Balts and the Tocharians were in direct contact with Northern Iranian tribes, this palatalization may be the result of Iranian influence. Cognates include Sanskrit तकुः (tákuḥ, “hurried, quick, mobile”), तक्वः (takváḥ, “fast, quick”) (compare तक्ति (takti, “to hurry”), Ossetian тӕх (tæx, “quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated”), Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift, quick, agile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čaklais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visčaklākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "čakli",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čakls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visčaklākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "čakli",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "čaklais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "čaklāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "čakls (definite čaklais, comparative čaklāks, superlative visčaklākais, adverb čakli)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čakl"
},
"expansion": "čakls (definite čaklais, comparative čaklāks, superlative visčaklākais, adverb čakli)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čakl",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "čaklība"
},
{
"word": "čaklums"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "industrious employee",
"text": "čakls darbinieks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard-working student",
"text": "čakls skolnieks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the most industrious (female) worker",
"text": "čaklākā stradniece",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard-working team",
"text": "čakls kolektīvs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "industrious as an ant, a bee (i.e., very industrious)",
"text": "čakls kā skudra, kā bite",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"industrious, hard-working, diligent (who works well, who works a lot)"
],
"id": "en-čakls-lv-adj-fcWgQfp2",
"links": [
[
"industrious",
"industrious"
],
[
"hard-working",
"hard-working"
],
[
"diligent",
"diligent"
],
[
"work",
"work#English"
],
[
"well",
"well#English"
],
[
"lot",
"lot#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aktīvs"
},
{
"word": "centīgs"
},
{
"word": "cītīgs"
},
{
"word": "uzcītīgs"
},
{
"word": "darbīgs"
},
{
"word": "izdarīgs"
},
{
"word": "nasks"
},
{
"word": "strādīgs"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "čekls"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃakls]"
}
],
"word": "čakls"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "čaklība"
},
{
"word": "čaklums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to run, to flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, to flow”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬀𐬐",
"3": "",
"4": "stream, torrent"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐 (tak, “stream, torrent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तकु",
"3": "तकुः",
"4": "hurried, quick, mobile",
"tr": "tákuḥ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तकुः (tákuḥ, “hurried, quick, mobile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тӕх",
"3": "",
"4": "quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian тӕх (tæx, “quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ταχύς",
"3": "",
"4": "swift, quick, agile"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift, quick, agile”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from an obsolete verb tekt (“to rush, to run, to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, to flow”), whence also tecēt (“to flow”); the meaning changed from “moving quickly” to “working hard.” The e → a change parallels tecēt, taka (“path”). The t → č change (palatalization) is not regular in Latvian, which suggests either an expressive or affective feature (compare aiča, meiča, from aita (“sheep”), meita (“girl, daughter”)), or the former existence of parallel forms with a and e: *tekls + *takls → *tʲakls; compare dialectal čekls ([tʃækls]). Note that the same stem also palatalized in Tocharian cake (“river”), Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐 (tak, “stream, torrent”); since both the ancient Balts and the Tocharians were in direct contact with Northern Iranian tribes, this palatalization may be the result of Iranian influence. Cognates include Sanskrit तकुः (tákuḥ, “hurried, quick, mobile”), तक्वः (takváḥ, “fast, quick”) (compare तक्ति (takti, “to hurry”), Ossetian тӕх (tæx, “quick stream, torrent; quick, fast, turbulent; dedicated”), Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift, quick, agile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čaklais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visčaklākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "čakli",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čakls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čakliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čaklās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visčaklākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "čakli",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "čaklais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "čaklāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "čakls (definite čaklais, comparative čaklāks, superlative visčaklākais, adverb čakli)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čakl"
},
"expansion": "čakls (definite čaklais, comparative čaklāks, superlative visčaklākais, adverb čakli)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čakl",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "industrious employee",
"text": "čakls darbinieks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard-working student",
"text": "čakls skolnieks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the most industrious (female) worker",
"text": "čaklākā stradniece",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard-working team",
"text": "čakls kolektīvs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "industrious as an ant, a bee (i.e., very industrious)",
"text": "čakls kā skudra, kā bite",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"industrious, hard-working, diligent (who works well, who works a lot)"
],
"links": [
[
"industrious",
"industrious"
],
[
"hard-working",
"hard-working"
],
[
"diligent",
"diligent"
],
[
"work",
"work#English"
],
[
"well",
"well#English"
],
[
"lot",
"lot#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃakls]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aktīvs"
},
{
"word": "centīgs"
},
{
"word": "cītīgs"
},
{
"word": "uzcītīgs"
},
{
"word": "darbīgs"
},
{
"word": "izdarīgs"
},
{
"word": "nasks"
},
{
"word": "strādīgs"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "čekls"
}
],
"word": "čakls"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čakls meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.