"ćwiczyć" meaning in All languages combined

See ćwiczyć on Wiktionary

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -it͡ʂɨt͡ɕ Etymology: Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|pl|gmh|zwicken|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle High German zwicken, {{bor+|pl|gmh|zwicken}} Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, {{der|pl|goh|*zwicchēn}} Old High German *zwicchēn Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} ćwiczyć impf Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-yć|ćwicz|pp}}, {{pl-conj-ai|ćwiczyć|ćwiczę|ćwiczy|ćwiczą|ćwiczy|ćwiczy|ćwiczy|ćwicz|ip=ćwiczono|pp=ćwiczon|pp2=ćwiczeni|vn=ćwiczenie}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ćwiczyć [infinitive], ćwiczę [present, singular], ćwiczymy [plural, present], ćwiczysz [present, singular], ćwiczycie [plural, present], ćwiczy [present, singular, third-person], ćwiczą [plural, present, third-person], ćwiczy się [impersonal, present], ćwiczyłem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular], ćwiczyłam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular], ćwiczyłom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular], ćwiczyliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ćwiczyli [past, plural, virile], ćwiczyłyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural], ćwiczyłeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular], ćwiczyłaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular], ćwiczyłoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular], ćwiczyliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ćwiczyli [past, plural, virile], ćwiczyłyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural], ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyli [past, plural, third-person, virile], ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ćwiczono [impersonal, past], będę ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular], będę ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular], będę ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular], będę ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular], będę ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular], będę ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ćwiczyli [future, plural, virile], będziemy ćwiczyć [future, plural, virile], będziemy ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ćwiczyli [future, plural, virile], będziecie ćwiczyć [future, plural, virile], będziecie ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ćwiczyli [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ćwiczyć [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć się [future, impersonal], ćwiczyłbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular], ćwiczyłabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular], ćwiczyłobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular], ćwiczylibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, virile], ćwiczyłybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ćwiczyłbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular], ćwiczyłabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular], ćwiczyłobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular], ćwiczylibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, virile], ćwiczyłybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ćwiczyłby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ćwiczyłaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ćwiczyłoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ćwiczyliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ćwiczyłyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ćwiczono by [conditional, impersonal], niech ćwiczę [imperative, singular], ćwiczmy [imperative, plural], ćwicz [imperative, singular], ćwiczcie [imperative, plural], niech ćwiczy [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ćwiczą [imperative, plural, third-person], ćwiczący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ćwicząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ćwiczące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ćwiczący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ćwiczące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ćwiczony [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczona [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczone [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczeni [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ćwiczone [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ćwicząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ćwiczenie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć) Tags: imperfective, intransitive Categories (topical): Exercise
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-VQm31xHS Disambiguation of Exercise: 80 7 13 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 41
  2. (intransitive) to train, to drill Tags: imperfective, intransitive Synonyms: szkolić, trenować
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-divV3T9S Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 41
  3. (transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip Tags: imperfective, obsolete, transitive Synonyms: chłostać, smagać
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-W7vfSPXZ Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 41
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ćwiczebny, ćwiczenie, oćwiczyć [perfective], poćwiczyć [perfective], podćwiczyć [perfective], przećwiczyć [perfective], śćwiczyć [perfective], wćwiczyć [perfective], wyćwiczyć [perfective], zaćwiczyć [perfective]

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ćwiczyć meaning in All languages combined (15.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ćwiczebny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ćwiczenie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "oćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przećwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "śćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaćwiczyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "*zwicchēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German *zwicchēn",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ćwiczyć impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćwi‧czyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwicz",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwiczyć",
        "2": "ćwiczę",
        "3": "ćwiczy",
        "4": "ćwiczą",
        "5": "ćwiczy",
        "6": "ćwiczy",
        "7": "ćwiczy",
        "8": "ćwicz",
        "ip": "ćwiczono",
        "pp": "ćwiczon",
        "pp2": "ćwiczeni",
        "vn": "ćwiczenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 7 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Exercise",
          "orig": "pl:Exercise",
          "parents": [
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-VQm31xHS",
      "links": [
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to drill"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-divV3T9S",
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "drill",
          "drill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to train, to drill"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "szkolić"
        },
        {
          "word": "trenować"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-W7vfSPXZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "flog",
          "flog"
        ],
        [
          "lash",
          "lash"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chłostać"
        },
        {
          "word": "smagać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-it͡ʂɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćwiczyć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Old High German",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/it͡ʂɨt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/it͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "pl:Exercise"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ćwiczebny"
    },
    {
      "word": "ćwiczenie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "oćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przećwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "śćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaćwiczyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "*zwicchēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German *zwicchēn",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ćwiczyć impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćwi‧czyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwicz",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwiczyć",
        "2": "ćwiczę",
        "3": "ćwiczy",
        "4": "ćwiczą",
        "5": "ćwiczy",
        "6": "ćwiczy",
        "7": "ćwiczy",
        "8": "ćwicz",
        "ip": "ćwiczono",
        "pp": "ćwiczon",
        "pp2": "ćwiczeni",
        "vn": "ćwiczenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to drill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "drill",
          "drill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to train, to drill"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "szkolić"
        },
        {
          "word": "trenować"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flog",
          "flog"
        ],
        [
          "lash",
          "lash"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chłostać"
        },
        {
          "word": "smagać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-it͡ʂɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćwiczyć"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.