"ćwiczyć" meaning in All languages combined

See ćwiczyć on Wiktionary

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -it͡ʂɘt͡ɕ Etymology: Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn. Cognate with German zwicken, English twitch. Etymology templates: {{bor+|pl|gmh|zwicken}} Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, {{der|pl|goh|*zwicchēn}} Old High German *zwicchēn, {{cog|de|zwicken}} German zwicken, {{cog|en|twitch}} English twitch Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} ćwiczyć impf Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-yć|ćwicz|pp}}, {{pl-conj-ai|ćwiczyć|ćwiczę|ćwiczy|ćwiczą|ćwiczy|ćwiczy|ćwiczy|ćwicz|ip=ćwiczono|pp=ćwiczon|pp2=ćwiczeni|vn=ćwiczenie}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ćwiczyć [infinitive], ćwiczę [present, singular], ćwiczymy [plural, present], ćwiczysz [present, singular], ćwiczycie [plural, present], ćwiczy [present, singular, third-person], ćwiczą [plural, present, third-person], ćwiczy się [impersonal, present], ćwiczyłem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular], ćwiczyłam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular], ćwiczyłom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular], ćwiczyliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ćwiczyli [past, plural, virile], ćwiczyłyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural], ćwiczyłeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular], ćwiczyłaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular], ćwiczyłoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular], ćwiczyliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ćwiczyli [past, plural, virile], ćwiczyłyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural], ćwiczył [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyła [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyło [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ćwiczyli [past, plural, third-person, virile], ćwiczyły [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ćwiczono [impersonal, past], będę ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular], będę ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular], będę ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular], będę ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular], będę ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular], będę ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ćwiczyli [future, plural, virile], będziemy ćwiczyć [future, plural, virile], będziemy ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ćwiczyli [future, plural, virile], będziecie ćwiczyć [future, plural, virile], będziecie ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ćwiczył [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyła [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyło [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ćwiczyli [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ćwiczyć [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ćwiczyły [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ćwiczyć [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ćwiczyć się [future, impersonal], ćwiczyłbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular], ćwiczyłabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular], ćwiczyłobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular], ćwiczylibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, virile], ćwiczyłybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ćwiczyłbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular], ćwiczyłabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular], ćwiczyłobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular], ćwiczylibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, virile], ćwiczyłybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ćwiczyłby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ćwiczył [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ćwiczyłaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ćwiczyła [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ćwiczyłoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ćwiczyło [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ćwiczyliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ćwiczyli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ćwiczyłyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ćwiczyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ćwiczono by [conditional, impersonal], niech ćwiczę [imperative, singular], ćwiczmy [imperative, plural], ćwicz [imperative, singular], ćwiczcie [imperative, plural], niech ćwiczy [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ćwiczą [imperative, plural, third-person], ćwiczący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ćwicząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ćwiczące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ćwiczący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ćwiczące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ćwiczony [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczona [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczone [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ćwiczeni [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ćwiczone [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ćwicząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ćwiczenie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć) Tags: imperfective, intransitive Categories (topical): Exercise
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-VQm31xHS Disambiguation of Exercise: 80 5 15
  2. (intransitive) to train, to drill Tags: imperfective, intransitive Synonyms: szkolić, trenować
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-divV3T9S
  3. (transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip Tags: imperfective, obsolete, transitive Synonyms: chłostać, smagać
    Sense id: en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-W7vfSPXZ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 31 21 49 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 18 59 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 29 13 58
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ćwiczebny, ćwiczenie, oćwiczyć [perfective], poćwiczyć [perfective], podćwiczyć [perfective], przećwiczyć [perfective], śćwiczyć [perfective], wćwiczyć [perfective], wyćwiczyć [perfective], zaćwiczyć [perfective]

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ćwiczebny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ćwiczenie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "oćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przećwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "śćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaćwiczyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "*zwicchēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German *zwicchēn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "German zwicken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "twitch"
      },
      "expansion": "English twitch",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn. Cognate with German zwicken, English twitch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ćwiczyć impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćwi‧czyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwicz",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwiczyć",
        "2": "ćwiczę",
        "3": "ćwiczy",
        "4": "ćwiczą",
        "5": "ćwiczy",
        "6": "ćwiczy",
        "7": "ćwiczy",
        "8": "ćwicz",
        "ip": "ćwiczono",
        "pp": "ćwiczon",
        "pp2": "ćwiczeni",
        "vn": "ćwiczenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "80 5 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Exercise",
          "orig": "pl:Exercise",
          "parents": [
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-VQm31xHS",
      "links": [
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to drill"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-divV3T9S",
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "drill",
          "drill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to train, to drill"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "szkolić"
        },
        {
          "word": "trenować"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 21 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 18 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 13 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćwiczyć-pl-verb-W7vfSPXZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "flog",
          "flog"
        ],
        [
          "lash",
          "lash"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chłostać"
        },
        {
          "word": "smagać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-it͡ʂɘt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćwiczyć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Old High German",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/it͡ʂɘt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/it͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "pl:Exercise"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ćwiczebny"
    },
    {
      "word": "ćwiczenie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "oćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przećwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "śćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyćwiczyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaćwiczyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "*zwicchēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German *zwicchēn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "zwicken"
      },
      "expansion": "German zwicken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "twitch"
      },
      "expansion": "English twitch",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German zwicken, from Old High German *zwicchēn. Cognate with German zwicken, English twitch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczy się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ćwiczyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ćwiczyć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ćwiczyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ćwiczą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwicząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćwiczenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ćwiczyć impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćwi‧czyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwicz",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ćwiczyć",
        "2": "ćwiczę",
        "3": "ćwiczy",
        "4": "ćwiczą",
        "5": "ćwiczy",
        "6": "ćwiczy",
        "7": "ćwiczy",
        "8": "ćwicz",
        "ip": "ćwiczono",
        "pp": "ćwiczon",
        "pp2": "ćwiczeni",
        "vn": "ćwiczenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to exercise (perfective wyćwiczyć)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to drill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "drill",
          "drill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to train, to drill"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "szkolić"
        },
        {
          "word": "trenować"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flog",
          "flog"
        ],
        [
          "lash",
          "lash"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to flog, to lash, to whip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chłostać"
        },
        {
          "word": "smagać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfi.t͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-it͡ʂɘt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćwiczyć"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ćwiczyć meaning in All languages combined (14.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.