"þwerhaz" meaning in All languages combined

See þwerhaz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈθwer.xɑz/
Etymology: Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist”). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*terkʷ-||to turn}} Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”), {{cog|sa|तर्कु||spindle}} Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”), {{cog|la|torqueō||to twist}} Latin torqueō (“to twist”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|þwerh}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*þwerhaz|*þwerhanǭ|*þwerhas, -is|*þwerhammai|*þwerhanō|*þwerhai|*þwerhanz|*þwerhaizǫ̂|*þwerhaimaz|*þwerhaimiz|*þwerhō|*þwerhǭ|*þwerhaizōz|*þwerhaizōi|*þwerhaizō|*þwerhôz|*þwerhōz|*þwerhaizǫ̂|*þwerhaimaz|*þwerhaimiz|*þwerhą, -atō|*þwerhą, -atō|*þwerhas, -is|*þwerhammai|*þwerhanō|*þwerhō|*þwerhō|*þwerhaizǫ̂|*þwerhaimaz|*þwerhaimiz|*þwerhô|*þwerhanų|*þwerhiniz|*þwerhini|*þwerhinē|*þwerhaniz|*þwerhanunz|*þwerhanǫ̂|*þwerhammaz|*þwerhammiz|*þwerhǭ|*þwerhōnų|*þwerhōniz|*þwerhōni|*þwerhōnē|*þwerhōniz|*þwerhōnunz|*þwerhōnǫ̂|*þwerhōmaz|*þwerhōmiz|*þwerhô|*þwerhô|*þwerhiniz|*þwerhini|*þwerhinē|*þwerhōnō|*þwerhōnō|*þwerhanǫ̂|*þwerhammaz|*þwerhammiz|title=*þwerhaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], þwerhaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], þwerhai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], þwerhō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], þwerhôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], þwerhą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], þwerhō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], þwerhanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], þwerhanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], þwerhǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], þwerhōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], þwerhą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], þwerhō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], þwerhas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], þwerhaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], þwerhaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], þwerhaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], þwerhas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], þwerhaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], þwerhammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], þwerhaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], þwerhaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], þwerhaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], þwerhammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], þwerhaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], þwerhanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], þwerhaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], þwerhaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], þwerhaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], þwerhanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], þwerhaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], þwerhô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], þwerhaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], þwerhǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], þwerhōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], þwerhô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], þwerhōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], þwerhanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], þwerhanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], þwerhōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], þwerhōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], þwerhô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], þwerhōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], þwerhiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], þwerhanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], þwerhōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], þwerhōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], þwerhiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], þwerhanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], þwerhini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], þwerhammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], þwerhōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], þwerhōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], þwerhini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], þwerhammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], þwerhinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], þwerhammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], þwerhōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], þwerhōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], þwerhinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], þwerhammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. cross, adverse Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: þwerhōną
    Sense id: en-þwerhaz-gem-pro-adj-7-XD8Kl4 Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSONL data for þwerhaz meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*þwerh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh\nOld English: þweorh, þwerh\nMiddle English: thwīre, thwyre\nOld Frisian: þweres (adverb)\nWest Frisian: twer\nOld Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh\nMiddle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer\nLow German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)\n→ German: verquast\n→ Middle English: dwere, dwire\n→ Scots: queer\n→ English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)\n→ German: queer, Queer\n→ Swedish: queer\nOld Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes\nMiddle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers\nDutch: dwars\nOld High German: dwerah\nMiddle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer\nAlemannic German: Twër\nGerman: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)\n→ Swedish: kvär (dated)\n→ Danish: kvær (dated)\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)\nLuxembourgish: queesch\nVilamovian: twar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh\nOld English: þweorh, þwerh\nMiddle English: thwīre, thwyre\nOld Frisian: þweres (adverb)\nWest Frisian: twer\nOld Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh\nMiddle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer\nLow German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)\n→ German: verquast\n→ Middle English: dwere, dwire\n→ Scots: queer\n→ English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)\n→ German: queer, Queer\n→ Swedish: queer\nOld Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes\nMiddle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers\nDutch: dwars\nOld High German: dwerah\nMiddle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer\nAlemannic German: Twër\nGerman: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)\n→ Swedish: kvär (dated)\n→ Danish: kvær (dated)\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)\nLuxembourgish: queesch\nVilamovian: twar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þverr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þverr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þverr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "þver"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: þver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: þver"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "tvørur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: tvørur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: tvørur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "tvær"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: tvær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: tvær"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "tverr"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: tverr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: tverr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "þvær",
            "3": "þvar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: þvær, þvar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: þvær, þvar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "tvär"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: tvär",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: tvär"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þvert",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: þvert",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Norse: þvert"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "tvært"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: tvært",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: tvært"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "thwert",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: thwert",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: thwert"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thwart"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thwart",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thwart"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्कु",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spindle"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torqueō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torqueō (“to twist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist”). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þwerh"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*þwerhaz",
        "10": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "11": "*þwerhō",
        "12": "*þwerhǭ",
        "13": "*þwerhaizōz",
        "14": "*þwerhaizōi",
        "15": "*þwerhaizō",
        "16": "*þwerhôz",
        "17": "*þwerhōz",
        "18": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "2": "*þwerhanǭ",
        "20": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "21": "*þwerhą, -atō",
        "22": "*þwerhą, -atō",
        "23": "*þwerhas, -is",
        "24": "*þwerhammai",
        "25": "*þwerhanō",
        "26": "*þwerhō",
        "27": "*þwerhō",
        "28": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "3": "*þwerhas, -is",
        "30": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "31": "*þwerhô",
        "32": "*þwerhanų",
        "33": "*þwerhiniz",
        "34": "*þwerhini",
        "35": "*þwerhinē",
        "36": "*þwerhaniz",
        "37": "*þwerhanunz",
        "38": "*þwerhanǫ̂",
        "39": "*þwerhammaz",
        "4": "*þwerhammai",
        "40": "*þwerhammiz",
        "41": "*þwerhǭ",
        "42": "*þwerhōnų",
        "43": "*þwerhōniz",
        "44": "*þwerhōni",
        "45": "*þwerhōnē",
        "46": "*þwerhōniz",
        "47": "*þwerhōnunz",
        "48": "*þwerhōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*þwerhōmaz",
        "5": "*þwerhanō",
        "50": "*þwerhōmiz",
        "51": "*þwerhô",
        "52": "*þwerhô",
        "53": "*þwerhiniz",
        "54": "*þwerhini",
        "55": "*þwerhinē",
        "56": "*þwerhōnō",
        "57": "*þwerhōnō",
        "58": "*þwerhanǫ̂",
        "59": "*þwerhammaz",
        "6": "*þwerhai",
        "60": "*þwerhammiz",
        "7": "*þwerhanz",
        "8": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "title": "*þwerhaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwerhaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "þwerhōną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cross, adverse"
      ],
      "id": "en-þwerhaz-gem-pro-adj-7-XD8Kl4",
      "links": [
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθwer.xɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þwerhaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "þwerhōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*þwerh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh\nOld English: þweorh, þwerh\nMiddle English: thwīre, thwyre\nOld Frisian: þweres (adverb)\nWest Frisian: twer\nOld Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh\nMiddle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer\nLow German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)\n→ German: verquast\n→ Middle English: dwere, dwire\n→ Scots: queer\n→ English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)\n→ German: queer, Queer\n→ Swedish: queer\nOld Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes\nMiddle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers\nDutch: dwars\nOld High German: dwerah\nMiddle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer\nAlemannic German: Twër\nGerman: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)\n→ Swedish: kvär (dated)\n→ Danish: kvær (dated)\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)\nLuxembourgish: queesch\nVilamovian: twar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh\nOld English: þweorh, þwerh\nMiddle English: thwīre, thwyre\nOld Frisian: þweres (adverb)\nWest Frisian: twer\nOld Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh\nMiddle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer\nLow German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)\n→ German: verquast\n→ Middle English: dwere, dwire\n→ Scots: queer\n→ English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)\n→ German: queer, Queer\n→ Swedish: queer\nOld Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes\nMiddle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers\nDutch: dwars\nOld High German: dwerah\nMiddle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer\nAlemannic German: Twër\nGerman: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)\n→ Swedish: kvär (dated)\n→ Danish: kvær (dated)\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)\nLuxembourgish: queesch\nVilamovian: twar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þverr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þverr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þverr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "þver"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: þver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: þver"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "tvørur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: tvørur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: tvørur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "tvær"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: tvær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: tvær"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "tverr"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: tverr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: tverr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "þvær",
            "3": "þvar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: þvær, þvar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: þvær, þvar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "tvär"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: tvär",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: tvär"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þvert",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: þvert",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Norse: þvert"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "tvært"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: tvært",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: tvært"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "thwert",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: thwert",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: thwert"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thwart"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thwart",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thwart"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्कु",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spindle"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torqueō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torqueō (“to twist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist”). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þwerhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þwerh"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*þwerhaz",
        "10": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "11": "*þwerhō",
        "12": "*þwerhǭ",
        "13": "*þwerhaizōz",
        "14": "*þwerhaizōi",
        "15": "*þwerhaizō",
        "16": "*þwerhôz",
        "17": "*þwerhōz",
        "18": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "2": "*þwerhanǭ",
        "20": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "21": "*þwerhą, -atō",
        "22": "*þwerhą, -atō",
        "23": "*þwerhas, -is",
        "24": "*þwerhammai",
        "25": "*þwerhanō",
        "26": "*þwerhō",
        "27": "*þwerhō",
        "28": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "3": "*þwerhas, -is",
        "30": "*þwerhaimiz",
        "31": "*þwerhô",
        "32": "*þwerhanų",
        "33": "*þwerhiniz",
        "34": "*þwerhini",
        "35": "*þwerhinē",
        "36": "*þwerhaniz",
        "37": "*þwerhanunz",
        "38": "*þwerhanǫ̂",
        "39": "*þwerhammaz",
        "4": "*þwerhammai",
        "40": "*þwerhammiz",
        "41": "*þwerhǭ",
        "42": "*þwerhōnų",
        "43": "*þwerhōniz",
        "44": "*þwerhōni",
        "45": "*þwerhōnē",
        "46": "*þwerhōniz",
        "47": "*þwerhōnunz",
        "48": "*þwerhōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*þwerhōmaz",
        "5": "*þwerhanō",
        "50": "*þwerhōmiz",
        "51": "*þwerhô",
        "52": "*þwerhô",
        "53": "*þwerhiniz",
        "54": "*þwerhini",
        "55": "*þwerhinē",
        "56": "*þwerhōnō",
        "57": "*þwerhōnō",
        "58": "*þwerhanǫ̂",
        "59": "*þwerhammaz",
        "6": "*þwerhai",
        "60": "*þwerhammiz",
        "7": "*þwerhanz",
        "8": "*þwerhaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*þwerhaimaz",
        "title": "*þwerhaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwerhaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cross, adverse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθwer.xɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þwerhaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.