þestren in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈθeːstrən/, /ˈθɛstrən/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Inherited from Old English þēostrian, þȳstrian, from Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|þēostrian}} Old English þēostrian, {{m|ang|þȳstrian}} þȳstrian, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*þeustrōną}} Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} þestren Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|þestr}} Forms: weak [table-tags], þestren [infinitive], to þestren [infinitive], þestre [infinitive], þestre [first-person, present, singular], þestred [first-person, past, singular], þestrest [present, second-person, singular], þestredest [past, second-person, singular], þestreth [present, singular, third-person], þestred [past, singular, third-person], þestre [present, singular, subjunctive], þestred [past, singular, subjunctive], þestre [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], þestren [plural, present], þestre [plural, present], þestreden [past, plural], þestrede [past, plural], þestreth [imperative, plural, present], þestre [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], þestrynge [participle, present], þestrende [participle, present], þestred [participle, past], yþestred [participle, past]

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þēostrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þēostrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "þȳstrian"
      },
      "expansion": "þȳstrian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þeustrōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēostrian, þȳstrian, from Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yþestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "þestren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þestr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Light",
          "orig": "enm:Light",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or black; to lose its lightness."
      ],
      "id": "en-þestren-enm-verb-Y7Lr5gIZ"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "id": "en-þestren-enm-verb-E0W4FFWp",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθeːstrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɛstrən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þester"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þeostren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "thestren"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þestren"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "enm:Light"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þēostrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þēostrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "þȳstrian"
      },
      "expansion": "þȳstrian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þeustrōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēostrian, þȳstrian, from Proto-Germanic *þeustrōną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yþestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "þestren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þestr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or black; to lose its lightness."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθeːstrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɛstrən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "þester"
    },
    {
      "word": "þeostren"
    },
    {
      "word": "thestren"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þestren"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"þestren" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Middle English]

Alternative forms