þestren in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈθeːstrən/, /ˈθɛstrən/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Inherited from Old English þēostrian and þȳstrian, from Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”) and *þīustrijēn (“to be dark”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|þēostrian}} Old English þēostrian, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*þeustrōn|t=to make dark}} Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} þestren Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|þestr}} Forms: weak [table-tags], þestren [infinitive], to þestren [infinitive], þestre [infinitive], þestre [first-person, present, singular], þestred [first-person, past, singular], þestrest [present, second-person, singular], þestredest [past, second-person, singular], þestreth [present, singular, third-person], þestred [past, singular, third-person], þestre [present, singular, subjunctive], þestred [past, singular, subjunctive], þestre [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], þestren [plural, present], þestre [plural, present], þestreden [past, plural], þestrede [past, plural], þestreth [imperative, plural, present], þestre [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], þestrynge [participle, present], þestrende [participle, present], þestred [participle, past], yþestred [participle, past]

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þēostrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þēostrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þeustrōn",
        "t": "to make dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēostrian and þȳstrian, from Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”) and *þīustrijēn (“to be dark”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yþestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "þestren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þestr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Light",
          "orig": "enm:Light",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or black; to lose its lightness."
      ],
      "id": "en-þestren-enm-verb-Y7Lr5gIZ"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "id": "en-þestren-enm-verb-E0W4FFWp",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθeːstrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɛstrən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þester"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þeostren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "thestren"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þestren"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Light"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þēostrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þēostrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þeustrōn",
        "t": "to make dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēostrian and þȳstrian, from Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”) and *þīustrijēn (“to be dark”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yþestred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "þestren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þestr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or black; to lose its lightness."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To make oneself non-visible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθeːstrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɛstrən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "þester"
    },
    {
      "word": "þeostren"
    },
    {
      "word": "thestren"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þestren"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"þestren" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Middle English]

Alternative forms