See skuld in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "st",
"2": "sekoloto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sotho: sekoloto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sotho: sekoloto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tn",
"2": "sekoloto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tswana: sekoloto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tswana: sekoloto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "isikweletu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zulu: isikweletu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zulu: isikweletu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "schuld"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuld",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schult"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*skult"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *skult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuldiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuldiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch schuld, from Middle Dutch schult, from Old Dutch *skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skulde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "skulde",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skuld (plural skulde)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "skuld (plural skulde)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"guilt, fault"
],
"id": "en-skuld-af-noun-dKRnfMN2",
"links": [
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"id": "en-skuld-af-noun-ZS11-br7",
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skœlt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-skuld.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "skuld"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "schuld"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuld",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schult"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*skult"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *skult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuldiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuldiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch schuld, from Middle Dutch schult, from Old Dutch *skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skuld",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geskuld",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skuld (present skuld, present participle skuldende, past participle geskuld)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 16 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 15 18 6 1 13 6 0 2 4 1 16 1 5 1 5 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be indebted to"
],
"id": "en-skuld-af-verb-MQRI1uXD",
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"indebted",
"indebted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, ditransitive) to owe, to be indebted to"
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skœlt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-skuld.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "skuld"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Frisian common-gender nouns",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "st",
"2": "sekoloto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sotho: sekoloto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sotho: sekoloto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tn",
"2": "sekoloto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tswana: sekoloto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tswana: sekoloto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "isikweletu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zulu: isikweletu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zulu: isikweletu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "schuld"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuld",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schult"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*skult"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *skult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuldiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuldiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch schuld, from Middle Dutch schult, from Old Dutch *skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skulde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "skulde",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skuld (plural skulde)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "skuld (plural skulde)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"guilt, fault"
],
"links": [
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skœlt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-skuld.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "skuld"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Frisian common-gender nouns",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "schuld"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuld",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schult"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*skult"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *skult",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuldiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuldiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch schuld, from Middle Dutch schult, from Old Dutch *skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skuld",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geskuld",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skuld (present skuld, present participle skuldende, past participle geskuld)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans ditransitive verbs",
"Afrikaans transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be indebted to"
],
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"indebted",
"indebted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, ditransitive) to owe, to be indebted to"
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skœlt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-skuld.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-skuld.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "skuld"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skuld meaning in Afrikaans (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Afrikaans dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.