"sluga" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See sluga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Disputed: * Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. Some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even consider an early borrowing from Celtic. * Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”). Etymology templates: {{cog|lt|slaugà||servitude, assistance}} Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”), {{q|abstract noun}} (abstract noun), {{cog|cel-pro|*slougos||troop, military regiment}} Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*sláugas||adherent?}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”), {{affix|sla-pro|*-a}} *-a, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*slew-||to proceed, to adhere to}} Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”), {{affix|sla-pro|*sluti|*-ga|t1=to call}} *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱlew-|t=to listen}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”), {{cog|la|cliēns||customer, companion}} Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|sluga|ap=b|g=m}} Forms: slūgà [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], slūgà [nominative, singular], slũdzě [dual, nominative], slūgỳ [nominative, plural], slūgỳ [genitive, singular], slūgù [dual, genitive], slũgъ [genitive, plural], slūdzě̀ [dative, singular], slūgàma [dative, dual], slūgàmъ [dative, plural], slūgǫ̀ [accusative, singular], slũdzě [accusative, dual], slūgỳ [accusative, plural], slūgòjǫ [instrumental, singular], slũgǫ [instrumental, singular], slūgàma [dual, instrumental], slūgàmī [instrumental, plural], slūdzě̀ [locative, singular], slūgù [dual, locative], slūgàsъ [locative, plural], slūgàxъ [locative, plural], slugo [singular, vocative], slũdzě [dual, vocative], slūgỳ [plural, vocative]
  1. servant, attendant Wikipedia link: Marko Snoj Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *prislužьnikъ Derived forms: slugyni [feminine], posluga (english: help, assistance), prisluga (english: service force (collectively)), usluga (english: favour, service), zasluga (english: merit) Derived forms (*služiti (“to serve”) (causative), *slugovati (“to serve”) (factitive)): služenьje, služьba (english: service) Related terms: slověninъ (per Brückner) (english: Slav), sluzь (english: slime), sluda (english: moulding) [possibly], sludy (english: moulding) [possibly]

Download JSON data for sluga meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "слꙋга"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: слꙋга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: слꙋга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: слуга́ (slugá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: слуга́ (slugá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "слоуга",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: слоуга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: слоуга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: слуга́ (slugá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: слуга́ (slugá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "слуга"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: слуга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: слуга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "слу́га",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: слу́га",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: слу́га"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "slúga",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: slúga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: slúga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "slúga"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: slúga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: slúga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "slúha"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: slúha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: slúha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "sluha"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: sluha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: sluha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "sługa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: sługa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: sługa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "sluha"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: sluha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: sluha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "szolga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: szolga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: szolga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "slugă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: slugă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: slugă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*sulhainën",
            "bor": "1",
            "der": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *sulhainën",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *sulhainën (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "slaugà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "servitude, assistance"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "(abstract noun)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*slougos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop, military regiment"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*sláugas",
        "4": "",
        "5": "adherent?"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "*-a",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*slew-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to proceed, to adhere to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sluti",
        "3": "*-ga",
        "t1": "to call"
      },
      "expansion": "*sluti (“to call”) + *-ga",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-",
        "t": "to listen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cliēns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "customer, companion"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. Some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even consider an early borrowing from Celtic.\n* Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "slūgà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũgъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūdzě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgǫ̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgòjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũgǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūdzě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sluga",
        "ap": "b",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "slugyni"
        },
        {
          "english": "help, assistance",
          "word": "posluga"
        },
        {
          "english": "service force (collectively)",
          "word": "prisluga"
        },
        {
          "english": "favour, service",
          "word": "usluga"
        },
        {
          "english": "merit",
          "word": "zasluga"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*služiti (“to serve”) (causative), *slugovati (“to serve”) (factitive)",
          "word": "služenьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "service",
          "sense": "*služiti (“to serve”) (causative), *slugovati (“to serve”) (factitive)",
          "word": "služьba"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servant, attendant"
      ],
      "id": "en-sluga-sla-pro-noun-FvKi3iSD",
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "attendant",
          "attendant"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "Slav",
          "roman": "per Brückner",
          "word": "slověninъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "slime",
          "word": "sluzь"
        },
        {
          "english": "moulding",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "sluda"
        },
        {
          "english": "moulding",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "sludy"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prislužьnikъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sluga"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "slugyni"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*služiti (“to serve”) (causative), *slugovati (“to serve”) (factitive)",
      "word": "služenьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "service",
      "sense": "*služiti (“to serve”) (causative), *slugovati (“to serve”) (factitive)",
      "word": "služьba"
    },
    {
      "english": "help, assistance",
      "word": "posluga"
    },
    {
      "english": "service force (collectively)",
      "word": "prisluga"
    },
    {
      "english": "favour, service",
      "word": "usluga"
    },
    {
      "english": "merit",
      "word": "zasluga"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "слꙋга"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: слꙋга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: слꙋга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: слуга́ (slugá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: слуга́ (slugá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "слоуга",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: слоуга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: слоуга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "слуга́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: слуга́ (slugá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: слуга́ (slugá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "слуга"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: слуга (sluga)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: слуга (sluga)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "слу́га",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: слу́га",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: слу́га"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "slúga",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: slúga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: slúga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "slúga"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: slúga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: slúga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "slúha"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: slúha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: slúha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "sluha"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: sluha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: sluha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "sługa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: sługa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: sługa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "sluha"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: sluha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: sluha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "szolga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: szolga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: szolga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "slugă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: slugă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: slugă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*sulhainën",
            "bor": "1",
            "der": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *sulhainën",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *sulhainën (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "slaugà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "servitude, assistance"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "(abstract noun)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*slougos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop, military regiment"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*sláugas",
        "4": "",
        "5": "adherent?"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "*-a",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*slew-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to proceed, to adhere to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sluti",
        "3": "*-ga",
        "t1": "to call"
      },
      "expansion": "*sluti (“to call”) + *-ga",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-",
        "t": "to listen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cliēns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "customer, companion"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. Some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even consider an early borrowing from Celtic.\n* Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "slūgà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũgъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūdzě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgǫ̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgòjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũgǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūdzě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgàxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slũdzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "slūgỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sluga",
        "ap": "b",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "Slav",
      "roman": "per Brückner",
      "word": "slověninъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "slime",
      "word": "sluzь"
    },
    {
      "english": "moulding",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "sluda"
    },
    {
      "english": "moulding",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "sludy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
        "Slovene terms with quotations",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servant, attendant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "attendant",
          "attendant"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prislužьnikъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sluga"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.