See -ndz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ndz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-andī",
"pos": "participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andī (participle ending)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andī (participle ending)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ande",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ande, -ende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ande, -ende"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ende",
"3": "-and",
"4": "-inde",
"5": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ende, -and, -inde, -inge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ende, -and, -inde, -inge"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English: -and, -ant, -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -and, -ant, -ing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -and, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -and, -in"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-endi",
"3": "-enti",
"4": "-anti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -endi, -enti, -anti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -endi, -enti, -anti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-andi",
"pos": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andi (agent noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andi (agent noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-end",
"3": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -end, -and",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -end, -and"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-end",
"4": "-ant",
"5": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -and, -end, -ant, -nd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -and, -end, -ant, -nd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "English: -and",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -and"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -an"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-und",
"3": "-and",
"4": "-ond"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -und, -and, -ond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -und, -and, -ond"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-end",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -end, -ant, -ent",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -end, -ant, -ent"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-nt",
"3": "-unt",
"4": "-ant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -nt, -unt, -ant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -nt, -unt, -ant"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-nt",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -nt, -ant, -ent",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -nt, -ant, -ent"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -andi\nIcelandic: -andi\nFaroese: -andi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ande\nOld Swedish: -andi, -ande\nSwedish: -ande, -ende\nDanish: -ende\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -andi\nIcelandic: -andi\nFaroese: -andi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ande\nOld Swedish: -andi, -ande\nSwedish: -ande, -ende\nDanish: -ende\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ende"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-nds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-nds)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-onts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ndz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing one, -er. Forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning to the present participle."
],
"id": "en--ndz-gem-pro-suffix-cgGNOXzE",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ārijaz"
},
{
"word": "-jô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈndz/"
}
],
"word": "-ndz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-andī",
"pos": "participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andī (participle ending)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andī (participle ending)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ande",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ande, -ende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ande, -ende"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ende",
"3": "-and",
"4": "-inde",
"5": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ende, -and, -inde, -inge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ende, -and, -inde, -inge"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English: -and, -ant, -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -and, -ant, -ing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -and, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -and, -in"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-endi",
"3": "-enti",
"4": "-anti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -endi, -enti, -anti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -endi, -enti, -anti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-andi",
"pos": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andi (agent noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-andi (agent noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-end",
"3": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -end, -and",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -end, -and"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-and",
"3": "-end",
"4": "-ant",
"5": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -and, -end, -ant, -nd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -and, -end, -ant, -nd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "English: -and",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -and"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -an"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-und",
"3": "-and",
"4": "-ond"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -und, -and, -ond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -und, -and, -ond"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-end",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -end, -ant, -ent",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -end, -ant, -ent"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-nt",
"3": "-unt",
"4": "-ant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -nt, -unt, -ant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -nt, -unt, -ant"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-nt",
"3": "-ant",
"4": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -nt, -ant, -ent",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -nt, -ant, -ent"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German: -end",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -end"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -andi\nIcelandic: -andi\nFaroese: -andi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ande\nOld Swedish: -andi, -ande\nSwedish: -ande, -ende\nDanish: -ende\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -andi\nIcelandic: -andi\nFaroese: -andi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ande\nOld Swedish: -andi, -ande\nSwedish: -ande, -ende\nDanish: -ende\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ende"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-nds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-nds)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-onts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ndumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ndz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"-ing one, -er. Forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning to the present participle."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈndz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ārijaz"
},
{
"word": "-jô"
}
],
"word": "-ndz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.