See -ārijaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ārijaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī\nOld English: -ere, -re\nMiddle English: -ere, -are, -er\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar\nOld Frisian: -ere\nSaterland Frisian: -er\nWest Frisian: -er\nOld Saxon: -āri\nMiddle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere\nLow German: -er\nOld Dutch: *-āri, -ere\nMiddle Dutch: -ere\nDutch: -er, -aar\nAfrikaans: -er\nLimburgish: -er\nOld High German: -āri, -ari, -eri\nMiddle High German: -ære, -er\nAlemannic German: -er\nBavarian: -er\nCimbrian: -ar\nGerman: -er\nLuxembourgish: -er\nYiddish: ־ער (-er)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī\nOld English: -ere, -re\nMiddle English: -ere, -are, -er\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar\nOld Frisian: -ere\nSaterland Frisian: -er\nWest Frisian: -er\nOld Saxon: -āri\nMiddle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere\nLow German: -er\nOld Dutch: *-āri, -ere\nMiddle Dutch: -ere\nDutch: -er, -aar\nAfrikaans: -er\nLimburgish: -er\nOld High German: -āri, -ari, -eri\nMiddle High German: -ære, -er\nAlemannic German: -er\nBavarian: -er\nCimbrian: -ar\nGerman: -er\nLuxembourgish: -er\nYiddish: ־ער (-er)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ari\nIcelandic: -ari\nFaroese: -ari\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær\nOld Swedish: -are, -ari\nSwedish: -are\nDanish: -er\nNorwegian Bokmål: -er\n→ Estonian: -r\n→ Finnish: -ari, -uri",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ari\nIcelandic: -ari\nFaroese: -ari\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær\nOld Swedish: -are, -ari\nSwedish: -are\nDanish: -er\nNorwegian Bokmål: -er\n→ Estonian: -r\n→ Finnish: -ari, -uri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"tr": "-āreis"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-astrijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually held to be a borrowing from Latin -ārius; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it.\nHowever, Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms agent nouns from nouns."
],
"id": "en--ārijaz-gem-pro-noun-Chzs3I6U",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-jô"
},
{
"word": "-ndz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː.ri.jɑz/"
}
],
"word": "-ārijaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī\nOld English: -ere, -re\nMiddle English: -ere, -are, -er\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar\nOld Frisian: -ere\nSaterland Frisian: -er\nWest Frisian: -er\nOld Saxon: -āri\nMiddle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere\nLow German: -er\nOld Dutch: *-āri, -ere\nMiddle Dutch: -ere\nDutch: -er, -aar\nAfrikaans: -er\nLimburgish: -er\nOld High German: -āri, -ari, -eri\nMiddle High German: -ære, -er\nAlemannic German: -er\nBavarian: -er\nCimbrian: -ar\nGerman: -er\nLuxembourgish: -er\nYiddish: ־ער (-er)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī\nOld English: -ere, -re\nMiddle English: -ere, -are, -er\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar\nOld Frisian: -ere\nSaterland Frisian: -er\nWest Frisian: -er\nOld Saxon: -āri\nMiddle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere\nLow German: -er\nOld Dutch: *-āri, -ere\nMiddle Dutch: -ere\nDutch: -er, -aar\nAfrikaans: -er\nLimburgish: -er\nOld High German: -āri, -ari, -eri\nMiddle High German: -ære, -er\nAlemannic German: -er\nBavarian: -er\nCimbrian: -ar\nGerman: -er\nLuxembourgish: -er\nYiddish: ־ער (-er)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ari\nIcelandic: -ari\nFaroese: -ari\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær\nOld Swedish: -are, -ari\nSwedish: -are\nDanish: -er\nNorwegian Bokmål: -er\n→ Estonian: -r\n→ Finnish: -ari, -uri",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ari\nIcelandic: -ari\nFaroese: -ari\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær\nOld Swedish: -are, -ari\nSwedish: -are\nDanish: -er\nNorwegian Bokmål: -er\n→ Estonian: -r\n→ Finnish: -ari, -uri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"tr": "-āreis"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-astrijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually held to be a borrowing from Latin -ārius; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it.\nHowever, Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ārijamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic ja-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms agent nouns from nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː.ri.jɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-jô"
},
{
"word": "-ndz"
}
],
"word": "-ārijaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.