See -ingaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ingaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-yng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ing, -yng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ing, -yng"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"id": "king"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in",
"4": "-een"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ing, -in, -een",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ing, -in, -een"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -ing (also -ink in names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ingr\nIcelandic: -ingur\nFaroese: -ingur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ing\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ing\nOld Swedish: -inger\nSwedish: -ing, -ling\nDanish: -ing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ingr\nIcelandic: -ingur\nFaroese: -ingur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ing\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ing\nOld Swedish: -inger\nSwedish: -ing, -ling\nDanish: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*-ingus",
"3": "*-engus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-(l)engo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: -(l)engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: -(l)engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-(l)ingien",
"3": "-(l)ange",
"4": "-(l)ans",
"5": "-(l)ine",
"6": "-(l)ingues"
},
"expansion": "French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-ingo",
"3": "-engo",
"4": "-lengo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-(l)engo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: -(l)engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: -(l)engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-engo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: -engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: -engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-enc"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: -enc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: -enc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-enc"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: -enc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: -enc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-n̥kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-īnaz",
"3": "*-gaz"
},
"expansion": "*-īnaz + *-gaz",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-, or possibly from *-īnaz + *-gaz. Compare *-ungō (suffix forming gerunds).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ilingaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms derivatives of nouns with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from'."
],
"id": "en--ingaz-gem-pro-noun-D9DfhhjV",
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "-ingaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ilingaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-yng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ing, -yng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ing, -yng"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"id": "king"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in",
"4": "-een"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ing, -in, -een",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ing, -in, -een"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -ing (also -ink in names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -inc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -inc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ingr\nIcelandic: -ingur\nFaroese: -ingur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ing\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ing\nOld Swedish: -inger\nSwedish: -ing, -ling\nDanish: -ing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ingr\nIcelandic: -ingur\nFaroese: -ingur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: -ing\nNorwegian Bokmål: -ing\nOld Swedish: -inger\nSwedish: -ing, -ling\nDanish: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*-ingus",
"3": "*-engus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-(l)engo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: -(l)engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: -(l)engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-(l)ingien",
"3": "-(l)ange",
"4": "-(l)ans",
"5": "-(l)ine",
"6": "-(l)ingues"
},
"expansion": "French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-ingo",
"3": "-engo",
"4": "-lengo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-(l)engo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: -(l)engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: -(l)engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-engo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: -engo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: -engo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-enc"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: -enc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: -enc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-enc"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: -enc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: -enc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-n̥kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-īnaz",
"3": "*-gaz"
},
"expansion": "*-īnaz + *-gaz",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-, or possibly from *-īnaz + *-gaz. Compare *-ungō (suffix forming gerunds).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic compound terms",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms derivatives of nouns with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from'."
],
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "-ingaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.