See ぬ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ぬ meaning in Old Japanese (4.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "ず (zu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ナ行変格活用",
"2": "ナ-ぎょう へんかく かつよう"
},
"expansion": "ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "終止形",
"2": "しゅうしけい"
},
"expansion": "終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にす"
},
"expansion": "にす (nisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命令形",
"2": "めいれいけい"
},
"expansion": "命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The conjugation of this auxiliary verb appears to follow that of a defective n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm rather than a ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō) paradigm, despite the fact that there was never an n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm.\nNotably, this verb has no attested 終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei); uses and conjugations off of にす (nisu) are seen instead. This verb also has no attested 命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ねど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "nedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-nu"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (-nu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "な",
"f10": "-",
"f11": "-",
"f12": "-",
"f13": "-",
"f14": "-",
"f15": "-",
"f16": "に",
"f2": "に",
"f3": "-?にす (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">nisu</span>) is used instead.",
"f4": "ぬ",
"f5": "ね",
"f6": "-",
"f7": "-",
"f8": "ねど",
"f9": "ねば"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses negation; not"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ojp-suffix-DBk5BL34",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the irrealis stem of verbs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the irrealis stem of verbs)",
"expresses negation; not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "ず (zu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ナ行変格活用",
"2": "ナ-ぎょう へんかく かつよう"
},
"expansion": "ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "終止形",
"2": "しゅうしけい"
},
"expansion": "終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にす"
},
"expansion": "にす (nisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命令形",
"2": "めいれいけい"
},
"expansion": "命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The conjugation of this auxiliary verb appears to follow that of a defective n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm rather than a ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō) paradigm, despite the fact that there was never an n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm.\nNotably, this verb has no attested 終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei); uses and conjugations off of にす (nisu) are seen instead. This verb also has no attested 命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ねど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "nedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-nu"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (-nu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "な",
"f10": "-",
"f11": "-",
"f12": "-",
"f13": "-",
"f14": "-",
"f15": "-",
"f16": "に",
"f2": "に",
"f3": "-?にす (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">nisu</span>) is used instead.",
"f4": "ぬ",
"f5": "ね",
"f6": "-",
"f7": "-",
"f8": "ねど",
"f9": "ねば"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"expresses negation; not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the irrealis stem of verbs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the irrealis stem of verbs)",
"expresses negation; not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: nu",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])にす (nisu) is used instead., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ぬ/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'irregular', 'stem'}",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.