See -er on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有10個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在动词后，表示“…的人”、“…的东西”、“…者”、“…家”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-M~AkouxD"
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在专有名词后，表示“…人”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-7nuC9sXG"
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在表职业的名词后，表从事某职业的人。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-AoAXZ1VI"
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在数词、测量名词或表特定量的名词后，表示得到／具有这样多数量／性质的人或物。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-nYOxP3yP"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有10個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在形容词（主要是音节数少的形容词）后，构成比较级。表示“更…的”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-ywVPCl0H"
},
{
"glosses": [
"用添加 -er 构成比较级的形容词，加 -est 构成其最高级。此法多适用于双音节及（部分）单音节形容词与副词。对于其他形容词与副词，用 more / most ＋形容词原形 的方法，分别构成其比较级与最高级。一般来说，对于不确定的双音节词，用 more/most 是较为保险的方法。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-4JEp2FUJ"
},
{
"glosses": [
"词末的 辅音＋y，在添加 -er 与 -est 时，变为 辅音＋ier。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-07aBcRrc"
},
{
"glosses": [
"只有一个音节与重音在最后一音节的形容词，如果词末音节为 单元音＋单辅音，则添加后缀时，词末辅音要双写。"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-omDxSmQj"
},
{
"glosses": [
"有些形容词是不规则的，如："
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-9fdMzq5s"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有10個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在动词后，表示表事例的名词。（多用于法律词汇）"
],
"id": "zh--er-en-suffix-ScBHiSDM"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的荷蘭語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aanklager"
},
{
"word": "bestrijder"
},
{
"word": "bewoner"
},
{
"word": "bezetter"
},
{
"word": "bezitter"
},
{
"word": "bezoeker"
},
{
"word": "doener"
},
{
"word": "drager"
},
{
"word": "houder"
},
{
"word": "krijger"
},
{
"word": "maaier"
},
{
"word": "misdadiger"
},
{
"word": "ondernemer"
},
{
"word": "opvolger"
},
{
"word": "pachter"
},
{
"word": "schrijver"
},
{
"word": "slijper"
},
{
"word": "sproeier"
},
{
"word": "stichter"
},
{
"word": "strijder"
},
{
"word": "uitgever"
},
{
"word": "vaarder"
},
{
"word": "verdediger"
},
{
"word": "vervanger"
},
{
"word": "wijzer"
},
{
"word": "zaaier"
},
{
"word": "zoeker"
},
{
"word": "zoemer"
},
{
"word": "zwerver"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":原始日耳曼语时期，借自拉丁語 -arius。 与荷兰语后缀 -aar 同源。",
"lang": "荷兰语",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"添加在动词词干后，构成名词，表示“…的人”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-nl-suffix-9WRS9BQX"
},
{
"glosses": [
"添加在形容词后，构成比较级。"
],
"id": "zh--er-nl-suffix-QvJZ7nGt"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的法語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -are。",
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第一变位动词不定式词尾。"
],
"id": "zh--er-fr-suffix-LY6rYrZG"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的德語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":原始日耳曼语时期，借自拉丁語 -arius。 同源后缀有：英语 -er、荷兰语 -er、-aar。",
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"添加在动词一单直形后（e 省略），表示“做…的人”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-de-suffix-Jz7gNsCi"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "古英语",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-or的另一種寫法"
],
"id": "zh--er-ang-suffix-fDnBhrzi",
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的古法語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -āre。",
"lang": "古法语",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第一变位动词不定式词尾。"
],
"id": "zh--er-fro-suffix-LY6rYrZG"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第二变位动词不定式词尾。"
],
"id": "zh--er-pt-suffix-e7DYikx2"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自拉丁語的西班牙語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -ere。",
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-er 结尾动词不定式的词尾。"
],
"id": "zh--er-es-suffix-Ei99s6yH"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "瑞典语",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-as"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第三变格（通与中）名词不定复数的两个词尾之一，另一词尾为 -r。"
],
"id": "zh--er-sv-suffix-kTjN7kBH"
},
{
"glosses": [
"某些动词现在时主动直陈式的词尾。"
],
"id": "zh--er-sv-suffix-D5ZgEybQ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "土耳其语",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"表示“做…的人”、“…的用具”。"
],
"id": "zh--er-tr-suffix-Zh0Q8GeB"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自拉丁語的古法語詞"
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -āre。",
"lang": "古法语",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第一变位动词不定式词尾。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "古英语",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-or的另一種寫法"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "土耳其语",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"表示“做…的人”、“…的用具”。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自拉丁語的德語詞"
],
"etymology_text": ":原始日耳曼语时期，借自拉丁語 -arius。 同源后缀有：英语 -er、荷兰语 -er、-aar。",
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"添加在动词一单直形后（e 省略），表示“做…的人”。"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自拉丁語的法語詞"
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -are。",
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第一变位动词不定式词尾。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "瑞典语",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-as"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第三变格（通与中）名词不定复数的两个词尾之一，另一词尾为 -r。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"某些动词现在时主动直陈式的词尾。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"有10個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"英語後綴",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在动词后，表示“…的人”、“…的东西”、“…者”、“…家”。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在专有名词后，表示“…人”。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在表职业的名词后，表从事某职业的人。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"加在数词、测量名词或表特定量的名词后，表示得到／具有这样多数量／性质的人或物。"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"有10個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"英語後綴",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在形容词（主要是音节数少的形容词）后，构成比较级。表示“更…的”。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"用添加 -er 构成比较级的形容词，加 -est 构成其最高级。此法多适用于双音节及（部分）单音节形容词与副词。对于其他形容词与副词，用 more / most ＋形容词原形 的方法，分别构成其比较级与最高级。一般来说，对于不确定的双音节词，用 more/most 是较为保险的方法。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"词末的 辅音＋y，在添加 -er 与 -est 时，变为 辅音＋ier。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"只有一个音节与重音在最后一音节的形容词，如果词末音节为 单元音＋单辅音，则添加后缀时，词末辅音要双写。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"有些形容词是不规则的，如："
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"有10個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"英語後綴",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "*（一） < 中古英语 -er、-ere（表施动者） < 古英语后缀 -ere（ < 原始日耳曼语 *-ārjoz、*-arjoz）与古英语后缀 -ware（…人）的混合。原始日耳曼语后缀与拉丁语类似后缀 -ārius 的关系不明。 与德语 -er、瑞典语 -are 同源。\n*（一） 添加在法语源词后的后缀 -er，源自古法语与盎格鲁-诺尔曼语中不同名词后缀，包括 -er、-ier、-ieür。< 拉丁语 -aris、-arius、-atorium。\n*（二） < 古英语 -ra < 原始日耳曼语 *-izon、*-ōzon。\n*（三） < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语动词不定式词尾 -er。\n*（四） < 古英语 -erian、-rian < 原始日耳曼语。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"加在动词后，表示表事例的名词。（多用于法律词汇）"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自拉丁語的荷蘭語詞"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aanklager"
},
{
"word": "bestrijder"
},
{
"word": "bewoner"
},
{
"word": "bezetter"
},
{
"word": "bezitter"
},
{
"word": "bezoeker"
},
{
"word": "doener"
},
{
"word": "drager"
},
{
"word": "houder"
},
{
"word": "krijger"
},
{
"word": "maaier"
},
{
"word": "misdadiger"
},
{
"word": "ondernemer"
},
{
"word": "opvolger"
},
{
"word": "pachter"
},
{
"word": "schrijver"
},
{
"word": "slijper"
},
{
"word": "sproeier"
},
{
"word": "stichter"
},
{
"word": "strijder"
},
{
"word": "uitgever"
},
{
"word": "vaarder"
},
{
"word": "verdediger"
},
{
"word": "vervanger"
},
{
"word": "wijzer"
},
{
"word": "zaaier"
},
{
"word": "zoeker"
},
{
"word": "zoemer"
},
{
"word": "zwerver"
}
],
"etymology_text": ":原始日耳曼语时期，借自拉丁語 -arius。 与荷兰语后缀 -aar 同源。",
"lang": "荷兰语",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"添加在动词词干后，构成名词，表示“…的人”。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"添加在形容词后，构成比较级。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"第二变位动词不定式词尾。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"派生自拉丁語的西班牙語詞"
],
"etymology_text": ":< 拉丁語 -ere。",
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-er 结尾动词不定式的词尾。"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
{
"called_from": "extractor/zh/page/parse_section/192",
"msg": "Unhandled subtitle: 后缀4=",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "英語",
"subsection": "后缀4=",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.