"柳州" meaning in All languages combined

See 柳州 on Wiktionary

Proper name [日語]

Forms: 柳州 [canonical] (ruby: (りゅう), (しゅう)), Ryūshū [romanization]
  1. 市名,位於中國廣西
    Sense id: zh-柳州-ja-name-79rvVGrF
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Proper name [朝鮮語]

Forms: Yuju [romanization], 유주
  1. 유주 (yuju)的漢字:同류저우。 Tags: form-of Form of: 유주
    Sense id: zh-柳州-ko-name-cpbLdLOV
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Proper name [漢語]

IPA: /li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, IPA], /liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/ [Southern Min], /liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/ [Southern Min], /liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/ [Southern Min], /liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/ [Southern Min], /liu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/ [Southern Min], /liu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA]
  1. (~市) 地級市名,位於中國廣西。
    Sense id: zh-柳州-zh-name-z6Kcxg-R Categories (other): 漢語 中國城市
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (中國廣西城市): Лючжо́у [masculine] (俄語), Liucsou (匈牙利語), Liujcouh (壯語), 柳州 (りゅうしゅう, Ryūshū) (日語), ^류저우 (朝鮮語), Liuzhou (英語), Liễu Châu (越南語), لْيُوجُو (lyujū) [masculine] (阿拉伯語)
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「州」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「柳」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有3個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "roman": "Liuchow",
      "word": "Liuzhou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "roman": "Liuchow",
      "word": "Liu-chou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "壯語",
      "lang_code": "za",
      "word": "Liujcouh"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 中國城市",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(~市) 地級市名,位於中國廣西。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-柳州-zh-name-z6Kcxg-R"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǔzhōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ zau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-chiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liu² ziu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǔzhōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǒujhou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liu³-chou¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Lyǒu-jōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Leoujou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Лючжоу (Ljučžou)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ zau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "láuh jāu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ dzau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "leo⁵ zeo¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-chiu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-tsiu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liwciw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liu² ziu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liú tsiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ljuwX tsyuw"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "lyujū",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "لْيُوجُو"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liuzhou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liucsou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "りゅうしゅう, Ryūshū",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "柳州"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "^류저우"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Лючжо́у"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liễu Châu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "壯語",
      "lang_code": "za",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liujcouh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "日語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "日語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有3個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有三年級漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有中學漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有兩個漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有多個讀音的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柳州",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "柳",
          "りゅう"
        ],
        [
          "州",
          "しゅう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Ryūshū",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "日語",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "市名,位於中國廣西"
      ],
      "id": "zh-柳州-ja-name-79rvVGrF"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有3個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "朝鮮語專有名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "朝鮮語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Yuju",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "유주",
      "raw_tags": [
        "韓文"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "朝鮮語",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "유주"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "유주 (yuju)的漢字:同류저우。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-柳州-ko-name-cpbLdLOV",
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "日語專有名詞",
    "日語詞元",
    "有3個詞條的頁面",
    "有三年級漢字的日語詞",
    "有中學漢字的日語詞",
    "有兩個漢字的日語詞",
    "有多個讀音的日語詞"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柳州",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "柳",
          "りゅう"
        ],
        [
          "州",
          "しゅう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Ryūshū",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "日語",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "市名,位於中國廣西"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語專有名詞",
    "有3個詞條的頁面",
    "朝鮮語專有名詞",
    "朝鮮語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Yuju",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "유주",
      "raw_tags": [
        "韓文"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "朝鮮語",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "유주"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "유주 (yuju)的漢字:同류저우。"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "中古漢語專有名詞",
    "中古漢語詞元",
    "官話專有名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「州」的漢語詞",
    "帶「柳」的漢語詞",
    "有3個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "泉漳話專有名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語專有名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話專有名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語專有名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "roman": "Liuchow",
      "word": "Liuzhou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "roman": "Liuchow",
      "word": "Liu-chou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "壯語",
      "lang_code": "za",
      "word": "Liujcouh"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 中國城市"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(~市) 地級市名,位於中國廣西。"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǔzhōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ zau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-chiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liu² ziu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǔzhōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liǒujhou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liu³-chou¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Lyǒu-jōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Leoujou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Лючжоу (Ljučžou)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ zau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "láuh jāu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "lau⁵ dzau¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "leo⁵ zeo¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-chiu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "Liú-tsiu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liwciw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liu² ziu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "liú tsiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ljuwX tsyuw"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "lyujū",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "لْيُوجُو"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liuzhou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liucsou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "りゅうしゅう, Ryūshū",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "柳州"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "^류저우"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Лючжо́у"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liễu Châu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "壯語",
      "lang_code": "za",
      "sense": "中國廣西城市",
      "word": "Liujcouh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柳州"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 柳州 meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-27 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (3f344ef and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.