See 形而上學 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "xíngérxiàxué",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "形而下學"
},
{
"roman": "xíngérxiàxué",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "形而下学"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "辯證法"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "辩证法"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「上」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「學」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「形」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「而」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語 哲學",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語 邏輯學",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"ref": "Yijing-L",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"ref": "Yijing-L",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。"
}
],
"etymology_text": "為日本人井上哲次郎由 metaphysic 翻譯而來。形而上 (xíng'érshàng)部分取自易經：",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上学",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "堅持唯物辯證法，反對形而上學。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "坚持唯物辩证法，反对形而上学。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"指通过理性的推理和逻辑去研究不能直接通过感知所得到的问题。為哲學的基本法則。"
],
"id": "zh-形而上學-zh-noun-Oy1FAb6L"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語過時用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"社會科學"
],
"id": "zh-形而上學-zh-noun-xwNb7Lcb",
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "síng-érshàngsyué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴-hsüeh²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syíng-ér-shàng-sywé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shyngerlshanqshyue"
},
{
"roman": "sinʺeršansjue",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "синъэршансюэ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "yìhng yìh seuhng hohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶ hog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xíngshàng",
"sense": "法則",
"word": "形上"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "法則",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "玄學"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "法則",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "玄学"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Metaphysik"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "metaphysics"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "metafísica"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "metafísica"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "métaphysique"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "metafisica"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "метафизика"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "形而上学"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "형이상학"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "siêu hình học"
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有一年級漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有二年級漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有人名用漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有四個漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有表外漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上學",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"學",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keijijōgaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語舊字體寫法",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "形而上学"
}
],
"glosses": [
"形而上学 (“形而上學”)的舊字體形式"
],
"id": "zh-形而上學-ja-noun-~ESOcr8V",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "朝鮮語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "朝鮮語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "hyeong'isanghak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "형이상학",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "형이상학"
}
],
"glosses": [
"형이상학 (hyeong'isanghak)的漢字：形而上學。"
],
"id": "zh-形而上學-ko-noun-DTtfYZTb",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "以漢字書寫的越南語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "越南語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "越南語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "儒字",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hình nhi thượng học"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hình nhi thượng học (“形而上學”)的漢字。"
],
"id": "zh-形而上學-vi-noun-wVZpMyLw",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語名詞",
"日語詞元",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有一年級漢字的日語詞",
"有二年級漢字的日語詞",
"有人名用漢字的日語詞",
"有四個漢字的日語詞",
"有表外漢字的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上學",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"學",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keijijōgaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語舊字體寫法"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "形而上学"
}
],
"glosses": [
"形而上学 (“形而上學”)的舊字體形式"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
"以漢字書寫的朝鮮語名詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"朝鮮語名詞",
"朝鮮語詞元"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "hyeong'isanghak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "형이상학",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "형이상학"
}
],
"glosses": [
"형이상학 (hyeong'isanghak)的漢字：形而上學。"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "xíngérxiàxué",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "形而下學"
},
{
"roman": "xíngérxiàxué",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "形而下学"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "辯證法"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "辩证法"
}
],
"categories": [
"官話名詞",
"官話詞元",
"帶「上」的漢語詞",
"帶「學」的漢語詞",
"帶「形」的漢語詞",
"帶「而」的漢語詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有引文的官話詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"漢語 哲學",
"漢語 邏輯學",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"ref": "Yijing-L",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"ref": "Yijing-L",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。"
}
],
"etymology_text": "為日本人井上哲次郎由 metaphysic 翻譯而來。形而上 (xíng'érshàng)部分取自易經：",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上学",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的官話詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "堅持唯物辯證法，反對形而上學。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "坚持唯物辩证法，反对形而上学。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"指通过理性的推理和逻辑去研究不能直接通过感知所得到的问题。為哲學的基本法則。"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"漢語過時用語"
],
"glosses": [
"社會科學"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "síng-érshàngsyué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴-hsüeh²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syíng-ér-shàng-sywé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shyngerlshanqshyue"
},
{
"roman": "sinʺeršansjue",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "синъэршансюэ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "yìhng yìh seuhng hohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶ hog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xíngshàng",
"sense": "法則",
"word": "形上"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "法則",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "玄學"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "法則",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "玄学"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Metaphysik"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "metaphysics"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "metafísica"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "metafísica"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "métaphysique"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "metafisica"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "метафизика"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "形而上学"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "형이상학"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "siêu hình học"
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"categories": [
"以漢字書寫的越南語名詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"越南語名詞",
"越南語詞元"
],
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"儒字"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hình nhi thượng học"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hình nhi thượng học (“形而上學”)的漢字。"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 形而上學 meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-11 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.