"孤寒" meaning in All languages combined

See 孤寒 on Wiktionary

Adjective [漢語]

IPA: /ku⁵⁵ xän³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kuː⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/ [Cantonese, IPA], /ku³³ hᵘɔn²²/ [Cantonese, IPA], /ku²⁴ hon¹¹/ [IPA], /ku⁵³ hon⁵⁵/ [IPA], /ku⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hɔn¹¹/ [IPA]
  1. 出身貧寒而沒有依靠 Tags: literary
    Sense id: zh-孤寒-zh-adj-IRoFRF6F Categories (other): 漢語書面用語
  2. 孤單,獨自一人 Tags: literary
    Sense id: zh-孤寒-zh-adj-KjmQjKcq Categories (other): 漢語書面用語
  3. 小氣,吝嗇 Tags: Cantonese
    Sense id: zh-孤寒-zh-adj-Pyj6mN8u Categories (other): 客家漢語, 粵漢語
  4. 孤獨而沮喪
    Sense id: zh-孤寒-zh-adj-UDpk-0Vr Categories (other): 客家漢語, 有引文的客家語詞
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 台山話形容詞, 台山話詞元, 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 客家語形容詞, 客家語詞元, 帶「孤」的漢語詞, 帶「寒」的漢語詞, 有1個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 漢語形容詞, 漢語詞元, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元 Synonyms (吝嗇): [Classical Chinese], [Classical Chinese, Gan, Northern Min, Wu], [Classical Chinese], 吝嗇 [Jin, Classical Chinese], 慳吝 [Classical Chinese, Gan], 小氣 [Eastern Min, Wu, Cantonese, Shanghai, Xiang, Gan, Jin, Northern Min], [Xiang, Shanghai, Jin, Wu], 摳兒 [Jin], 摳門兒 [Jin], 小摳兒, 死摳兒, 摳搜, 摳唆, 嗇刻, 夾夾咕咕, 玍屄, 小摳, 窮摳兒, 摳惜, 窮摳, 老摳兒, , 拤古, , 嗇皮, 摳皮, 細詳, , 搜摳兒, 搜摳, 搜屄摳兒, 薄氣, 不出血, 薄嗇, , , , 老默, 夾摳, 夾殼, , 秀氣郎當, , 尿日鬼, 嗇掐 [Wu], 嗇苛, 慳濕 [Cantonese], 鐸叔 [Cantonese], 眼緊 [Cantonese], 耳屎 [Cantonese], 縮骨 [Cantonese], 細氣 [Southern Min, Cantonese], 肋嗇 [Gan], 嗇魔 [Gan], , 齧察, , 皮西艾曬, 癄, , 小相 [Xiang], 鹹合澀, 鹹澀 [Southern Min], 齧唧, 齧合澀, 澀齧, [Southern Min], [Southern Min], 小毛, 小鬼, 吃小米, 摳索 [Jin], 鬼祟 [Jin], [Jin], [Jin], 摳兒門兒 [Jin], 嗇結頭 [Jin], 嗇鄙 [Northern Min], 貽順 [Eastern Min], 奸狡 [Eastern Min], 奸狡利 [Eastern Min], 𣍐捨 [Eastern Min], 奸小利 [Eastern Min], 枵鬼 [Southern Min], 譴相 [Southern Min], 小鄙臉 [Southern Min], [Southern Min], 貓神 [Southern Min], 貓𡳞 [Southern Min, vulgar], 貓潲 [Southern Min, vulgar], 㾀屎 [Southern Min, vulgar], [Southern Min], [Southern Min], 鹹掛澀 [Southern Min], 雞孫 [Southern Min], 凍霜 [Southern Min], 攝屎 [Southern Min], 鄙釐 [Southern Min], [Southern Min], 𣍐做儂 [Southern Min], 捻𡳞 [Southern Min, vulgar], 捻 [Southern Min], 小鬼臉 [Southern Min], 㾀屎庀 [Southern Min, vulgar], 鹹澀韌 [Southern Min], [Southern Min], 蟯鬼 [Southern Min], 蟯疕 [Southern Min], 桶庀 [Southern Min], 毛絲 [Southern Min], 雞攝膣 [Southern Min], 攝雞膣 [Southern Min], 𠢕儉 [Southern Min], 枝釐 [Southern Min], 夾絲 [Southern Min], 牛螕 [Southern Min], 苛頭 [Southern Min], 貓筩 [Southern Min], 硞仔頭 [Southern Min], 孤霜 [Southern Min], 澀鼻 [Southern Min], 刺麻 [Southern Min], 儉嗇, 無𡳞成, 馬貽順, 孽屎, 密屑 [Shanghai, Wu], 賅刁 [Shanghai, Wu], 刮皮 [Shanghai, Wu], [Shanghai, Wu], [Shanghai, Wu], 勿爽氣 [Shanghai, Wu], [Wu], 吃不得 [Wu], 刻嗇 [Wu], 貓涴 [Wu], [Xiang]

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "台山話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "台山話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「孤」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「寒」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語書面用語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "出身貧寒而沒有依靠"
      ],
      "id": "zh-孤寒-zh-adj-IRoFRF6F",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語書面用語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "孤單,獨自一人"
      ],
      "id": "zh-孤寒-zh-adj-KjmQjKcq",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "客家漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "粵漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "小氣,吝嗇"
      ],
      "id": "zh-孤寒-zh-adj-Pyj6mN8u",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "客家漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的客家語詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "raw_tags": [
            "白話字",
            "四縣話"
          ],
          "ref": " “山歌無妹唱毋成(二)20首 -客家傳統山歌詞欣賞(3)-海陸腔朗讀”,YouTube,2018-10-16",
          "roman": "Pan-ya ko liáu kiê yu thài, thi-yit kû-hòn chhiu he ngài, â-moi yû-sîm lòi khiên-tai, tong ko châi-thòng lòi sṳ̍t-châi.",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "半夜過了雞又啼,第一孤寒就係涯,阿妹有心來牽帶,當過齋堂來食齋。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "raw_tags": [
            "白話字",
            "四縣話"
          ],
          "ref": " “山歌無妹唱毋成(二)20首 -客家傳統山歌詞欣賞(3)-海陸腔朗讀”,YouTube,2018-10-16",
          "roman": "Pan-ya ko liáu kiê yu thài, thi-yit kû-hòn chhiu he ngài, â-moi yû-sîm lòi khiên-tai, tong ko châi-thòng lòi sṳ̍t-châi.",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "半夜过了鸡又啼,第一孤寒就系涯,阿妹有心来牵带,当过斋堂来食斋。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "孤獨而沮喪"
      ],
      "id": "zh-孤寒-zh-adj-UDpk-0Vr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄏㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "維基詞典拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kû-hòn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "客家語拼音方案"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˋ hon"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄏㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku¹-han²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gū-hán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guharn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гухань (guxanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ xän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gū hòhn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "台城",
        "維基詞典拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ hᵘɔn²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "台城"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kû-hòn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˊ hon^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴ hon¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "包含竹東",
        "客家語拼音方案"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˋ hon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵³ hon⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "包含竹東"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hɔn¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "吝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "成都",
        "武夷山",
        "銀川",
        "揚州",
        "無錫",
        "西南官話",
        "浦城(石陂)",
        "南昌",
        "南京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Gan",
        "Northern Min",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "莆田",
        "武漢",
        "莆仙語",
        "仙遊",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "慳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "太原",
        "中原官話",
        "昆明",
        "柳州",
        "赤峰",
        "西安",
        "燕京官話",
        "揚州",
        "新加坡",
        "瀋陽",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "江淮官話",
        "洛陽",
        "西南官話",
        "張家口",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "吝嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "黎川"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "慳吝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "惠東(大嶺)",
        "武漢",
        "萬榮",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "成都",
        "太原",
        "福清",
        "貴陽",
        "常州",
        "中原官話",
        "忻州",
        "昆明",
        "南通",
        "冀魯官話",
        "柳州",
        "西安",
        "呼和浩特",
        "南京",
        "燕京官話",
        "松溪",
        "濟南",
        "銀川",
        "丹陽",
        "揚州",
        "南寧(亭子)",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "杭州",
        "邯鄲",
        "南昌",
        "江淮官話",
        "西寧",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "哈爾濱",
        "洛陽",
        "客家語",
        "寧波",
        "溫州",
        "萍鄉",
        "胡志明市(廣府)",
        "徽語",
        "長沙",
        "黎川",
        "西南官話",
        "金華",
        "瑞金",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "南部平話",
        "蘭州",
        "上猶(社溪)",
        "于都",
        "蘇州",
        "無錫",
        "歙縣",
        "績溪",
        "上海(崇明)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Cantonese",
        "Shanghai",
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin",
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "武漢",
        "萬榮",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "成都",
        "貴陽",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "柳州",
        "集寧",
        "西安",
        "南京",
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "北京",
        "揚州",
        "瀋陽",
        "廊坊",
        "江淮官話",
        "西寧",
        "哈爾濱",
        "徐州",
        "保定",
        "石家莊",
        "煙台(牟平)",
        "長沙",
        "西南官話",
        "膠遼官話",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "張家口",
        "重慶",
        "鄭州",
        "桂林"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shanghai",
        "Jin",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "北京",
        "滄州",
        "冀魯官話",
        "赤峰",
        "邯鄲",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "哈爾濱",
        "張家口",
        "北京",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳門兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "北京",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "北京",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "死摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "膠遼官話",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "哈爾濱",
        "蘭州",
        "銀川",
        "北京",
        "煙台(牟平)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳搜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "洛陽",
        "北京",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳唆"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "北京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇刻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾夾咕咕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "玍屄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "瀋陽"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "窮摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "唐山",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳惜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "冀魯官話",
        "保定"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "窮摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "大名",
        "冀魯官話",
        "中原官話",
        "石家莊"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "老摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "膠遼官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "奸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "膠遼官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "拤古"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "鄭州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "尖"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "西安"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇皮"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳皮"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "細詳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜屄摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "薄氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "不出血"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "銀川"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "薄嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "苟"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "財"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "老默"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "貴陽",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "貴陽",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾殼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "昆明"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "秀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "昆明"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "秀氣郎當"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "柳州",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "沙"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "南京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "尿日鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "丹陽",
        "揚州",
        "南通"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "嗇掐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "揚州",
        "江淮官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇苛"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "慳濕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州",
        "香港"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "鐸叔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "眼緊"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "恩平(牛江)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "耳屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東莞"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "縮骨"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "文昌",
        "儋州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "細氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "萍鄉"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "肋嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "萍鄉"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "嗇魔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "武平",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "梅縣",
        "武平(坪畬)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧察"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "武平(坪畬)",
        "興寧",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "歪"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "皮西艾曬"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "長汀"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "癄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧化",
        "客家語",
        "上猶(社溪)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "精"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "于都",
        "南寧(亭子)",
        "婁底",
        "南部平話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "小相"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "鹹合澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "臺南",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "高雄",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "廈門",
        "揭陽",
        "臺北",
        "漳州",
        "客家語",
        "汕頭",
        "馬尼拉(泉漳)",
        "宜蘭",
        "文昌",
        "海口",
        "潮州",
        "金門",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(潮汕)",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧唧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "客家語",
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧合澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "客家語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "澀齧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "臺南",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "高雄",
        "臺中",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "硞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "臺南",
        "宜蘭",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "虯"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "績溪",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小毛"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "績溪",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "歙縣",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "吃小米"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太原"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳索"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "忻州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "鬼祟"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臨河"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "憋"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臨河"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "缺"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳兒門兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "嗇結頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "建甌",
        "建陽",
        "政和"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "嗇鄙"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貽順"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸狡"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸狡利"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𣍐捨"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸小利"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "枵鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "譴相"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小鄙臉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(潮汕)",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓神"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "貓𡳞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "貓潲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "㾀屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "廈門",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹掛澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "雞孫"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺中(梧棲)",
        "金門",
        "廈門",
        "臺南",
        "高雄",
        "宜蘭",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "新竹",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺中",
        "臺北",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "臺東"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "凍霜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "攝屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鄙釐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "竭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𣍐做儂"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "捻𡳞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "捻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小鬼臉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "㾀屎庀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹澀韌"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯疕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "桶庀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "毛絲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "雞攝膣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "攝雞膣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𠢕儉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳浦"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "枝釐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雲霄"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "夾絲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "高雄",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺北",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "牛螕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺南"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "苛頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "宜蘭"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓筩"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺中"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "硞仔頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金門",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "孤霜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "大田"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "澀鼻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雷州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "刺麻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "仙遊",
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "儉嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "仙遊",
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "無𡳞成"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "馬貽順"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中山閩語",
        "中山(三鄉)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "孽屎"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "密屑"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "賅刁"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧波"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刮皮"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "酷"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刁"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "勿爽氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘇州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "掐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "溫州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "吃不得"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刻嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "貓涴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長沙"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "下"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤寒"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "台山話形容詞",
    "台山話詞元",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語形容詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "帶「孤」的漢語詞",
    "帶「寒」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語書面用語"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "出身貧寒而沒有依靠"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語書面用語"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "孤單,獨自一人"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "客家漢語",
        "粵漢語"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "小氣,吝嗇"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "客家漢語",
        "有引文的客家語詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "raw_tags": [
            "白話字",
            "四縣話"
          ],
          "ref": " “山歌無妹唱毋成(二)20首 -客家傳統山歌詞欣賞(3)-海陸腔朗讀”,YouTube,2018-10-16",
          "roman": "Pan-ya ko liáu kiê yu thài, thi-yit kû-hòn chhiu he ngài, â-moi yû-sîm lòi khiên-tai, tong ko châi-thòng lòi sṳ̍t-châi.",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "半夜過了雞又啼,第一孤寒就係涯,阿妹有心來牽帶,當過齋堂來食齋。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "raw_tags": [
            "白話字",
            "四縣話"
          ],
          "ref": " “山歌無妹唱毋成(二)20首 -客家傳統山歌詞欣賞(3)-海陸腔朗讀”,YouTube,2018-10-16",
          "roman": "Pan-ya ko liáu kiê yu thài, thi-yit kû-hòn chhiu he ngài, â-moi yû-sîm lòi khiên-tai, tong ko châi-thòng lòi sṳ̍t-châi.",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "半夜过了鸡又啼,第一孤寒就系涯,阿妹有心来牵带,当过斋堂来食斋。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "孤獨而沮喪"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄏㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "維基詞典拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kû-hòn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "客家語拼音方案"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˋ hon"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄏㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guhán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku¹-han²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gū-hán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guharn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гухань (guxanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ xän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gū hòhn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "台城",
        "維基詞典拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ hᵘɔn²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "台山話",
        "台城"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kû-hòn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˊ hon^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴ hon¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "包含竹東",
        "客家語拼音方案"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu^ˋ hon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵³ hon⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "海陸",
        "包含竹東"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gu¹ hon²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hɔn¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "吝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "成都",
        "武夷山",
        "銀川",
        "揚州",
        "無錫",
        "西南官話",
        "浦城(石陂)",
        "南昌",
        "南京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Gan",
        "Northern Min",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "莆田",
        "武漢",
        "莆仙語",
        "仙遊",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "慳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "太原",
        "中原官話",
        "昆明",
        "柳州",
        "赤峰",
        "西安",
        "燕京官話",
        "揚州",
        "新加坡",
        "瀋陽",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "江淮官話",
        "洛陽",
        "西南官話",
        "張家口",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "吝嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "黎川"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "慳吝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "惠東(大嶺)",
        "武漢",
        "萬榮",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "成都",
        "太原",
        "福清",
        "貴陽",
        "常州",
        "中原官話",
        "忻州",
        "昆明",
        "南通",
        "冀魯官話",
        "柳州",
        "西安",
        "呼和浩特",
        "南京",
        "燕京官話",
        "松溪",
        "濟南",
        "銀川",
        "丹陽",
        "揚州",
        "南寧(亭子)",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "杭州",
        "邯鄲",
        "南昌",
        "江淮官話",
        "西寧",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "哈爾濱",
        "洛陽",
        "客家語",
        "寧波",
        "溫州",
        "萍鄉",
        "胡志明市(廣府)",
        "徽語",
        "長沙",
        "黎川",
        "西南官話",
        "金華",
        "瑞金",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "南部平話",
        "蘭州",
        "上猶(社溪)",
        "于都",
        "蘇州",
        "無錫",
        "歙縣",
        "績溪",
        "上海(崇明)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Cantonese",
        "Shanghai",
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin",
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "武漢",
        "萬榮",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "成都",
        "貴陽",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "柳州",
        "集寧",
        "西安",
        "南京",
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "北京",
        "揚州",
        "瀋陽",
        "廊坊",
        "江淮官話",
        "西寧",
        "哈爾濱",
        "徐州",
        "保定",
        "石家莊",
        "煙台(牟平)",
        "長沙",
        "西南官話",
        "膠遼官話",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "張家口",
        "重慶",
        "鄭州",
        "桂林"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shanghai",
        "Jin",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "北京",
        "滄州",
        "冀魯官話",
        "赤峰",
        "邯鄲",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "哈爾濱",
        "張家口",
        "北京",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳門兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "北京",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "北京",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "死摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "膠遼官話",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "哈爾濱",
        "蘭州",
        "銀川",
        "北京",
        "煙台(牟平)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳搜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "洛陽",
        "北京",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳唆"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "北京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇刻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾夾咕咕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "哈爾濱"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "玍屄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "瀋陽"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "冀魯官話",
        "天津"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "窮摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "唐山",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳惜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "冀魯官話",
        "保定"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "窮摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "大名",
        "冀魯官話",
        "中原官話",
        "石家莊"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "老摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "膠遼官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "奸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "膠遼官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "拤古"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "鄭州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "尖"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "西安"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇皮"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "摳皮"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "細詳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西寧",
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "搜屄摳兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "薄氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "徐州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "不出血"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "銀川"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "薄嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "苟"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "財"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "重慶"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "老默"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "貴陽",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾摳"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "貴陽",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "夾殼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "昆明"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "秀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "昆明"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "秀氣郎當"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "柳州",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "沙"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "南京"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "尿日鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "江淮官話",
        "丹陽",
        "揚州",
        "南通"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "嗇掐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "揚州",
        "江淮官話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "嗇苛"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "慳濕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州",
        "香港"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "鐸叔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "眼緊"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "恩平(牛江)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "耳屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東莞"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "縮骨"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "文昌",
        "儋州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "細氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "萍鄉"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "肋嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "萍鄉"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "嗇魔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "武平",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "梅縣",
        "武平(坪畬)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧察"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "武平(坪畬)",
        "興寧",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "歪"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "皮西艾曬"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "長汀"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "癄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧化",
        "客家語",
        "上猶(社溪)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "精"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "于都",
        "南寧(亭子)",
        "婁底",
        "南部平話"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "小相"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "鹹合澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "臺南",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "高雄",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "廈門",
        "揭陽",
        "臺北",
        "漳州",
        "客家語",
        "汕頭",
        "馬尼拉(泉漳)",
        "宜蘭",
        "文昌",
        "海口",
        "潮州",
        "金門",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(潮汕)",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧唧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "客家語",
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "齧合澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "客家語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "澀齧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "臺南",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "高雄",
        "臺中",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "硞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "臺南",
        "宜蘭",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "虯"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "績溪",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小毛"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "績溪",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "小鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "歙縣",
        "徽語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "吃小米"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太原"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳索"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "忻州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "鬼祟"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臨河"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "憋"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臨河"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "缺"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "摳兒門兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "嗇結頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "建甌",
        "建陽",
        "政和"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "嗇鄙"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貽順"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸狡"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸狡利"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𣍐捨"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "奸小利"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "枵鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "譴相"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小鄙臉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(潮汕)",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓神"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "貓𡳞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "貓潲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "㾀屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "廈門",
        "新竹",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州",
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "新加坡(泉漳)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹掛澀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "雞孫"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺中(梧棲)",
        "金門",
        "廈門",
        "臺南",
        "高雄",
        "宜蘭",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "新竹",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺中",
        "臺北",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "臺東"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "凍霜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "攝屎"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鄙釐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "竭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州",
        "廈門",
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𣍐做儂"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "捻𡳞"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "捻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "小鬼臉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "㾀屎庀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "鹹澀韌"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯鬼"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "蟯疕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "桶庀"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "毛絲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "雞攝膣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "攝雞膣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "𠢕儉"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "漳浦"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "枝釐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雲霄"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "夾絲"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "高雄",
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺北",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "牛螕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新北(三峽)",
        "臺南"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "苛頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "宜蘭"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "貓筩"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺中"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "硞仔頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金門",
        "澎湖(馬公)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "孤霜"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "大田"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "澀鼻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雷州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "刺麻"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "仙遊",
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "儉嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "仙遊",
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "無𡳞成"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "莆田",
        "莆仙語"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "馬貽順"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中山閩語",
        "中山(三鄉)"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "word": "孽屎"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "密屑"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "賅刁"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧波"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刮皮"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "酷"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刁"
    },
    {
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "勿爽氣"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘇州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "掐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "溫州"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "吃不得"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "刻嗇"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "貓涴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長沙"
      ],
      "sense": "吝嗇",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "下"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤寒"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 孤寒 meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-08 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (b80cf99 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.