See 敦煌 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「敦」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「煌」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自伊朗語支的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"word": "敦煌學"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"word": "敦煌学"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Dunhuang"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Tun-huang"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Tunhuang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "可能來自歷史悠久的伊朗語支語言，最早漢文紀錄出現於公元前2世紀；可能和後來的粟特語 𐼌𐼘𐼇𐼀𐼀𐼏 (δrwʾʾn /*θurwān, θruwān/)同源 – 這是粟特人知道的敦煌名稱，見於“粟特語古文字書卷” （4世紀初）（Gharib, 1995）；可能與古希臘語 Θροάνα (Throána)（托勒密《地理學指南》，第5卷第16章）和巴克特里亞語（Pulleyblank, 1962, 1966；Baxter and Sagart, 2014）相關。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*燉煌"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語 甘肅城市",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～市) 縣級市名，位於中國甘肅酒泉"
],
"id": "zh-敦煌-zh-name-BUkVjoSk"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有歷史詞義的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語 中國郡",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～郡) 郡名，位於現今中國甘肅"
],
"id": "zh-敦煌-zh-name-PsuoL79z",
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有歷史詞義的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語 中國縣",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～縣) 縣名，位於中國甘肅酒泉"
],
"id": "zh-敦煌-zh-name-JBwPVl1c",
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dūnhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "deon¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dung¹ huang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dūnhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dunhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun¹-huang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Dwūn-hwáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Duenhwang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Дуньхуан (Dunʹxuan)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "deon¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dēun wòhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "doen¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dên¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "dunhoong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dung¹ huang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tung huâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ten^平 uaon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/tən⁵⁵ uɑ̃²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "twon hwang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*tˤur [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*doːn ɡʷaːŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "沙州"
}
],
"word": "敦煌"
}
{
"categories": [
"上古漢語專有名詞",
"上古漢語詞元",
"中古漢語專有名詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"吳語專有名詞",
"吳語詞元",
"官話專有名詞",
"官話詞元",
"帶「敦」的漢語詞",
"帶「煌」的漢語詞",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"泉漳話專有名詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"派生自伊朗語支的漢語詞",
"漢語專有名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話專有名詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語專有名詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"word": "敦煌學"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"word": "敦煌学"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Dunhuang"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Tun-huang"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Tunhwang",
"word": "Tunhuang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "可能來自歷史悠久的伊朗語支語言，最早漢文紀錄出現於公元前2世紀；可能和後來的粟特語 𐼌𐼘𐼇𐼀𐼀𐼏 (δrwʾʾn /*θurwān, θruwān/)同源 – 這是粟特人知道的敦煌名稱，見於“粟特語古文字書卷” （4世紀初）（Gharib, 1995）；可能與古希臘語 Θροάνα (Throána)（托勒密《地理學指南》，第5卷第16章）和巴克特里亞語（Pulleyblank, 1962, 1966；Baxter and Sagart, 2014）相關。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*燉煌"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"漢語 甘肅城市"
],
"glosses": [
"(～市) 縣級市名，位於中國甘肅酒泉"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有歷史詞義的漢語詞",
"漢語 中國郡"
],
"glosses": [
"(～郡) 郡名，位於現今中國甘肅"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有歷史詞義的漢語詞",
"漢語 中國縣"
],
"glosses": [
"(～縣) 縣名，位於中國甘肅酒泉"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dūnhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "deon¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dung¹ huang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dūnhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Dunhuáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun¹-huang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Dwūn-hwáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Duenhwang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Дуньхуан (Dunʹxuan)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "deon¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dēun wòhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "doen¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dên¹ wong⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "Tun-hông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "dunhoong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dung¹ huang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tung huâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ten^平 uaon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹ten-uaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/tən⁵⁵ uɑ̃²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "twon hwang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*tˤur [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*doːn ɡʷaːŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "沙州"
}
],
"word": "敦煌"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 敦煌 meaning in 漢語 (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.