See する in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。",
"word": "なる"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語サ行活用動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語不及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自上古日語的日語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語的词干动词す (su，“做”)。与沖繩語 すん (sun)同源。\n和所有在镰仓时代和室町时代的中古日语阶段的动词一样，随着連体形 (rentaikei)逐渐被同时用于连体形和终止形，原終止形 (shūshikei)活用形式逐渐不再使用。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"自、他動詞 サ行 (連用形"
],
"roman": "shi"
},
{
"form": "した",
"roman": "shita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "さ・し・せ*",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "sa shi se*",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "shi",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "すれ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "sure",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形",
"¹"
],
"roman": "seyo",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しろ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形",
"²"
],
"roman": "shiro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "される",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sareru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "させる",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "saseru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "さす",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sasu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "できる",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "dekiru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しよう",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shiyō",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しない",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shinai",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sezu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative",
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "します",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shimasu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "した",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shita",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "して",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shite",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "すれば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sureba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "se",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "si",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "す",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "su",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"terminal"
]
},
{
"form": "すれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態",
"已然形"
],
"roman": "sure",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "seyo",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sezu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すれど",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"對比連接詞"
],
"roman": "suredo",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "すれば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"因果連接詞"
],
"roman": "sureba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"條件連接詞"
],
"roman": "seba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しき",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第一手消息)"
],
"roman": "siki",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しけり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第二手消息)"
],
"roman": "sikeri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しつ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成式 (自覺動作)"
],
"roman": "situ",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しぬ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成式 (自然事件)"
],
"roman": "sinu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成進行式"
],
"roman": "seri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "したり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成進行式"
],
"roman": "sitari",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せむ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "semu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"动词する罕见地写作汉字為る。",
"常将する加到名词后构成动词，这种用法构词非常自由，比如：勉強 (benkyō，“学习”) → 勉強する 旅行 (ryokō，“旅行”) → 旅行する アップロード (appurōdo，“上传，上载”) → アップロードする",
"很多动词性名词（常由两个汉字组成）都是源自汉语的词，但一些也是日语本身衍生出来的（和語 (wago)）或外来的（外来語 (gairaigo)）。这类词多可以和词尾する (suru)分离，添加 を (o，宾格助词)，比如除了日本語を勉強する (Nihongo o benkyō suru，“学日语”)，还可以说日本語の勉強をする (Nihongo no benkyō o suru)。（不能说*日本語を勉強をする (Nihongo o benkyō o suru)，而不像朝鲜语中的일본어를 공부를 하다 (ilboneoreul gongbureul hada)。现代日语不能指定多个直接宾语。）然而，一些动词性名词仅能跟する (suru)使用，因而在词典中被作为单个词条：汉字词：関する (kansuru，“关于”)，源自関 (kan，“关系，联系”) 原生词：私する (watakushisuru，“侵吞，挪用，据为己有”)，源自私 (watakushi，“私事”)",
"这些动词被认为是形态衍生而非句法衍生。有时还会出现这样的变形：有的动词中する (suru)还可以变为す (su)，遵循五段活用：訳する (yakusuru，“翻译”)常以訳す (yakusu)的形式出现，而使得活用形可写作訳さない (yakusanai)而非訳しない (yakushinai)、訳そう (yakusō)而非訳しよう (yakushiyō)等。 一些动词中する (suru)连浊为ずる (zuru)，从而又可以写作じる (jiru)，而遵循一段活用：感ずる (kanzuru) → 感じる (kanjiru，“感觉”)、信ずる (shinzuru) → 信じる (shinjiru，“相信”)。如果不作一段活用的话，它们的被动形和使役形将以-zerareru/-zesaseru结尾：“相信”的被动形为信ぜられる (shinzerareru)或信じられる (shinjirareru)，但不能作*信ざれる (shinzareru)。这样的单汉字动词多衍生自中古汉语中带有鼻音（-m, -n, -ng）的汉字，但不是所有都可以将する (suru)改为ずる (zuru)，对比感ずる (kanzuru) → 感じる (kanjiru，“感觉”)和関する (kansuru，“关于”)。另外，这种浊化还会发生在一些日语中以长音结尾的汉字中，这些汉字被误认为在中古汉语中以鼻音-ng结尾，比如：報ずる (hōzuru) → 報じる (hōjiru，“报告”)、投ずる (tōzuru) → 投じる (tōjiru，“投掷”)，以及一些日语原生词干：重んずる (omonzuru) → 重んじる (omonjiru，“重视”)、甘んずる (amanzuru) → 甘んじる (amanjiru，“满意于”)等。",
"する (suru)的可能形为补充动词できる (dekiru)。独立于する (suru)的动词可以直接将する (suru)改为できる (dekiru)得到可能形：理解できる (rikai dekiru，“能够理解”)。",
"在报刊头条，活动清单等篇幅受限的语境，独立于它的动词的结尾的する (suru)可以省略，留下名词单独在句尾：午後２時(ごごにじ)に到着(とうちゃく)。 ― Gogo niji ni tōchaku. ― 下午2时到达"
],
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "动词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語不及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "inabikari ga suru",
"ruby": [
[
"稲",
"いな"
],
[
"光",
"びかり"
]
],
"text": "稲光がする",
"translation": "闪电"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"roman": "nioi ga suru",
"text": "においがする"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指无生物体) 存在，出现"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-AlHMCJTZ",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語不及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"roman": "gasshiri shita honegumi",
"ruby": [
[
"骨",
"ほね"
],
[
"組",
"ぐ"
]
],
"text": "がっしりした骨組み",
"translation": "骨骼僵硬"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指某种状态，某种品质) 有，存在（于某物中）"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-0taH~qdp",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語不及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gōku en mo suru e",
"ruby": [
[
"五",
"ご"
],
[
"億円",
"おくえん"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
]
],
"text": "五億円もする絵",
"translation": "价值高达五亿日元的画"
}
],
"glosses": [
"值"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-zaHVXFIx",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語不及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "Ichinen mo sureba wasureru darō.",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"忘",
"わす"
]
],
"text": "一年もすれば忘れるだろう。",
"translation": "一年这样就会忘记吧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指时间) 流逝"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-SfOxFpYK",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
9
]
],
"roman": "Nani o shite imasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"何",
"なに"
]
],
"text": "何をしていますか。",
"translation": "（您/你们等）在做什么？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"做"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-lPVAREHo",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"roman": "watashi ga shikai o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"司",
"し"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
]
],
"text": "私が司会をする",
"translation": "我做主持人。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"任职，担任"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-aMRQ69RC",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "常作“A を B に / と + する”，使A变成B。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "musuko o sensei ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"息子",
"むすこ"
],
[
"先生",
"せんせい"
]
],
"text": "息子を先生にする",
"translation": "把儿子培养成老师。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"literal_meaning": "别让我变成单独一个人。",
"roman": "Hitori ni shinaide.",
"ruby": [
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
]
],
"text": "一人にしないで。",
"translation": "别留下我一个人。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"roman": "heya o kirei ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"部屋",
"へや"
],
[
"綺麗",
"きれい"
]
],
"text": "部屋を綺麗にする",
"translation": "打扫房间"
}
],
"glosses": [
"使...变成 (作为なる (naru)的额外使役形)"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-q4KoS2qV",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"roman": "kowai metsuki o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"text": "怖い目つきをする",
"translation": "目光凶恶"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指某种品质) 有，是"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-9qfthQI8",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"roman": "nekutai o suru",
"text": "ネクタイをする",
"translation": "戴着领带"
}
],
"glosses": [
"穿着，戴着"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb--ujynXVY",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語及物動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"roman": "Mā, kore de yoshi to shiyō.",
"text": "まあ、これでよしとしよう。",
"translation": "那就按这样吧。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "shutsujō o toriyame ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"出場",
"しゅつじょう"
],
[
"取",
"と"
]
],
"text": "出場を取りやめにする",
"translation": "决定不出场了"
}
],
"glosses": [
"决定，认为"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-5-TfK1lR",
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "いらいらする気持(きも)ち (iraira suru kimochi，“恼火的情绪”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“副词（连用形） + する”，来从副词构成谓语或定语。"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-OYchmBtp",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
3,
4
],
[
6,
7
]
],
"roman": "yuki wa furi wa shita ga tsumoranakatta",
"ruby": [
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"積",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "雪は降りはしたが積もらなかった",
"translation": "雪是下了，但是没有积雪。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“连用形+强调助词（如は、も、こそ、さえ) + する）”，强调该动词。"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-mYkmPOn1",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"roman": "hi ga shizumō to shite iru",
"ruby": [
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"沈",
"しず"
]
],
"text": "日が沈もうとしている",
"translation": "太阳要落山了。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“动词意志形 + と + する ”： 尝试，试图，想要"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-NxsbDp-2",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "shūsaku to sureba jōjō no deki da",
"ruby": [
[
"習",
"しゅう"
],
[
"作",
"さく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"々",
"じょう"
],
[
"出来",
"でき"
]
],
"text": "習作とすれば上々の出来だ",
"translation": "如果是习作的话真是做的非常好。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "oya to shite wa shinpai suru no wa tōzen da",
"ruby": [
[
"親",
"おや"
],
[
"心配",
"しんぱい"
],
[
"当然",
"とうぜん"
]
],
"text": "親としては心配するのは当然だ",
"translation": "作为父母当然会担心。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"roman": "donna ni isoida ni shite mo ma ni awanakatta darō",
"ruby": [
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
]
],
"text": "どんなに急いだにしても間に合わなかっただろう",
"translation": "不管怎么加急都不会来得及了吧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“に / と + する”，给出条件或立场，可以是事实也可以是假设： 假设为"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-rjUp-DKw",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語尊敬用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "お届(とど)けする (o todoke suru，“送达”，尊敬形式)"
},
{
"text": "お伴(とも)します (o tomo shimasu，“陪同”，尊敬形式)"
},
{
"text": "ご案内(あんない)します (go annai shimasu，“向导”，尊敬形式)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-sVpEHcGT",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"御",
"ご"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "する",
"raw_tags": [
"東京"
],
"roman": "[sùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。",
"word": "致す"
},
{
"roman": "itasu",
"ruby": [
[
"致",
"いた"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "致す"
},
{
"roman": "yaru",
"sense": "做",
"word": "やる"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"成",
"な"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "成す"
},
{
"roman": "nasu",
"ruby": [
[
"為",
"な"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "為す"
},
{
"roman": "okonau",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"sense": "开展",
"word": "行う"
},
{
"roman": "-ru",
"sense": "构成动词",
"word": "〜る"
}
],
"word": "する"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "未指定是否及物的日語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "多个汉字的读音。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "动词",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"刷る，摺る： 印刷 (因为放入凸印版的纸会被滑动印上墨水)"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-BazW4QxF"
},
{
"glosses": [
"掏る： 扒窃 (可能是因为扒手要将手滑入被害者的口袋中；对比英语slick)"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-ssLbczOL"
},
{
"glosses": [
"擦る，摩る，磨る，擂る： 滑动，擦；浪费财产"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-Ol4Xjhb2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"剃る： 剃る (soru，“剃”)的不规则读音"
],
"id": "zh-する-ja-verb-Wc-axgCY"
}
],
"word": "する"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。",
"word": "なる"
}
],
"categories": [
"日語サ行活用動詞",
"日語不及物動詞",
"日語動詞",
"日語及物動詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"有1個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"源自上古日語的日語繼承詞"
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語的词干动词す (su，“做”)。与沖繩語 すん (sun)同源。\n和所有在镰仓时代和室町时代的中古日语阶段的动词一样，随着連体形 (rentaikei)逐渐被同时用于连体形和终止形，原終止形 (shūshikei)活用形式逐渐不再使用。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"自、他動詞 サ行 (連用形"
],
"roman": "shi"
},
{
"form": "した",
"roman": "shita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "さ・し・せ*",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "sa shi se*",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "shi",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "すれ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形"
],
"roman": "sure",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形",
"¹"
],
"roman": "seyo",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しろ",
"raw_tags": [
"活用形",
"²"
],
"roman": "shiro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "される",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sareru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "させる",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "saseru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "さす",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sasu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "できる",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "dekiru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しよう",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shiyō",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しない",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shinai",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sezu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative",
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "します",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shimasu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "した",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shita",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "して",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "shite",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "すれば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sureba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "se",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "し",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "si",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "す",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "su",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"terminal"
]
},
{
"form": "すれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態",
"已然形"
],
"roman": "sure",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "seyo",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "sezu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すれど",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"對比連接詞"
],
"roman": "suredo",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "すれば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"因果連接詞"
],
"roman": "sureba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"條件連接詞"
],
"roman": "seba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しき",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第一手消息)"
],
"roman": "siki",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しけり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第二手消息)"
],
"roman": "sikeri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しつ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成式 (自覺動作)"
],
"roman": "situ",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "しぬ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成式 (自然事件)"
],
"roman": "sinu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成進行式"
],
"roman": "seri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "したり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"完成進行式"
],
"roman": "sitari",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "せむ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "semu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"动词する罕见地写作汉字為る。",
"常将する加到名词后构成动词，这种用法构词非常自由，比如：勉強 (benkyō，“学习”) → 勉強する 旅行 (ryokō，“旅行”) → 旅行する アップロード (appurōdo，“上传，上载”) → アップロードする",
"很多动词性名词（常由两个汉字组成）都是源自汉语的词，但一些也是日语本身衍生出来的（和語 (wago)）或外来的（外来語 (gairaigo)）。这类词多可以和词尾する (suru)分离，添加 を (o，宾格助词)，比如除了日本語を勉強する (Nihongo o benkyō suru，“学日语”)，还可以说日本語の勉強をする (Nihongo no benkyō o suru)。（不能说*日本語を勉強をする (Nihongo o benkyō o suru)，而不像朝鲜语中的일본어를 공부를 하다 (ilboneoreul gongbureul hada)。现代日语不能指定多个直接宾语。）然而，一些动词性名词仅能跟する (suru)使用，因而在词典中被作为单个词条：汉字词：関する (kansuru，“关于”)，源自関 (kan，“关系，联系”) 原生词：私する (watakushisuru，“侵吞，挪用，据为己有”)，源自私 (watakushi，“私事”)",
"这些动词被认为是形态衍生而非句法衍生。有时还会出现这样的变形：有的动词中する (suru)还可以变为す (su)，遵循五段活用：訳する (yakusuru，“翻译”)常以訳す (yakusu)的形式出现，而使得活用形可写作訳さない (yakusanai)而非訳しない (yakushinai)、訳そう (yakusō)而非訳しよう (yakushiyō)等。 一些动词中する (suru)连浊为ずる (zuru)，从而又可以写作じる (jiru)，而遵循一段活用：感ずる (kanzuru) → 感じる (kanjiru，“感觉”)、信ずる (shinzuru) → 信じる (shinjiru，“相信”)。如果不作一段活用的话，它们的被动形和使役形将以-zerareru/-zesaseru结尾：“相信”的被动形为信ぜられる (shinzerareru)或信じられる (shinjirareru)，但不能作*信ざれる (shinzareru)。这样的单汉字动词多衍生自中古汉语中带有鼻音（-m, -n, -ng）的汉字，但不是所有都可以将する (suru)改为ずる (zuru)，对比感ずる (kanzuru) → 感じる (kanjiru，“感觉”)和関する (kansuru，“关于”)。另外，这种浊化还会发生在一些日语中以长音结尾的汉字中，这些汉字被误认为在中古汉语中以鼻音-ng结尾，比如：報ずる (hōzuru) → 報じる (hōjiru，“报告”)、投ずる (tōzuru) → 投じる (tōjiru，“投掷”)，以及一些日语原生词干：重んずる (omonzuru) → 重んじる (omonjiru，“重视”)、甘んずる (amanzuru) → 甘んじる (amanjiru，“满意于”)等。",
"する (suru)的可能形为补充动词できる (dekiru)。独立于する (suru)的动词可以直接将する (suru)改为できる (dekiru)得到可能形：理解できる (rikai dekiru，“能够理解”)。",
"在报刊头条，活动清单等篇幅受限的语境，独立于它的动词的结尾的する (suru)可以省略，留下名词单独在句尾：午後２時(ごごにじ)に到着(とうちゃく)。 ― Gogo niji ni tōchaku. ― 下午2时到达"
],
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "动词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語不及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "inabikari ga suru",
"ruby": [
[
"稲",
"いな"
],
[
"光",
"びかり"
]
],
"text": "稲光がする",
"translation": "闪电"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"roman": "nioi ga suru",
"text": "においがする"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指无生物体) 存在，出现"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語不及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"roman": "gasshiri shita honegumi",
"ruby": [
[
"骨",
"ほね"
],
[
"組",
"ぐ"
]
],
"text": "がっしりした骨組み",
"translation": "骨骼僵硬"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指某种状态，某种品质) 有，存在（于某物中）"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語不及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gōku en mo suru e",
"ruby": [
[
"五",
"ご"
],
[
"億円",
"おくえん"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
]
],
"text": "五億円もする絵",
"translation": "价值高达五亿日元的画"
}
],
"glosses": [
"值"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語不及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "Ichinen mo sureba wasureru darō.",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"忘",
"わす"
]
],
"text": "一年もすれば忘れるだろう。",
"translation": "一年这样就会忘记吧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指时间) 流逝"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
9
]
],
"roman": "Nani o shite imasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"何",
"なに"
]
],
"text": "何をしていますか。",
"translation": "（您/你们等）在做什么？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"做"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"roman": "watashi ga shikai o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"司",
"し"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
]
],
"text": "私が司会をする",
"translation": "我做主持人。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"任职，担任"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "常作“A を B に / と + する”，使A变成B。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "musuko o sensei ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"息子",
"むすこ"
],
[
"先生",
"せんせい"
]
],
"text": "息子を先生にする",
"translation": "把儿子培养成老师。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"literal_meaning": "别让我变成单独一个人。",
"roman": "Hitori ni shinaide.",
"ruby": [
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
]
],
"text": "一人にしないで。",
"translation": "别留下我一个人。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"roman": "heya o kirei ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"部屋",
"へや"
],
[
"綺麗",
"きれい"
]
],
"text": "部屋を綺麗にする",
"translation": "打扫房间"
}
],
"glosses": [
"使...变成 (作为なる (naru)的额外使役形)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"roman": "kowai metsuki o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"text": "怖い目つきをする",
"translation": "目光凶恶"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(指某种品质) 有，是"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"roman": "nekutai o suru",
"text": "ネクタイをする",
"translation": "戴着领带"
}
],
"glosses": [
"穿着，戴着"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語及物動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"roman": "Mā, kore de yoshi to shiyō.",
"text": "まあ、これでよしとしよう。",
"translation": "那就按这样吧。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "shutsujō o toriyame ni suru",
"ruby": [
[
"出場",
"しゅつじょう"
],
[
"取",
"と"
]
],
"text": "出場を取りやめにする",
"translation": "决定不出场了"
}
],
"glosses": [
"决定，认为"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語助動詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "いらいらする気持(きも)ち (iraira suru kimochi，“恼火的情绪”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“副词（连用形） + する”，来从副词构成谓语或定语。"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語助動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
3,
4
],
[
6,
7
]
],
"roman": "yuki wa furi wa shita ga tsumoranakatta",
"ruby": [
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"積",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "雪は降りはしたが積もらなかった",
"translation": "雪是下了，但是没有积雪。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“连用形+强调助词（如は、も、こそ、さえ) + する）”，强调该动词。"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語助動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"roman": "hi ga shizumō to shite iru",
"ruby": [
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"沈",
"しず"
]
],
"text": "日が沈もうとしている",
"translation": "太阳要落山了。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“动词意志形 + と + する ”： 尝试，试图，想要"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語助動詞",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"roman": "shūsaku to sureba jōjō no deki da",
"ruby": [
[
"習",
"しゅう"
],
[
"作",
"さく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"々",
"じょう"
],
[
"出来",
"でき"
]
],
"text": "習作とすれば上々の出来だ",
"translation": "如果是习作的话真是做的非常好。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "oya to shite wa shinpai suru no wa tōzen da",
"ruby": [
[
"親",
"おや"
],
[
"心配",
"しんぱい"
],
[
"当然",
"とうぜん"
]
],
"text": "親としては心配するのは当然だ",
"translation": "作为父母当然会担心。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"roman": "donna ni isoida ni shite mo ma ni awanakatta darō",
"ruby": [
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
]
],
"text": "どんなに急いだにしても間に合わなかっただろう",
"translation": "不管怎么加急都不会来得及了吧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“に / と + する”，给出条件或立场，可以是事实也可以是假设： 假设为"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"日語助動詞",
"日語尊敬用語"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "お届(とど)けする (o todoke suru，“送达”，尊敬形式)"
},
{
"text": "お伴(とも)します (o tomo shimasu，“陪同”，尊敬形式)"
},
{
"text": "ご案内(あんない)します (go annai shimasu，“向导”，尊敬形式)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。"
],
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"御",
"ご"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "する",
"raw_tags": [
"東京"
],
"roman": "[sùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "“御/御 + 动词连用形 + する”，构成动词的尊敬形式。",
"word": "致す"
},
{
"roman": "itasu",
"ruby": [
[
"致",
"いた"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "致す"
},
{
"roman": "yaru",
"sense": "做",
"word": "やる"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"成",
"な"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "成す"
},
{
"roman": "nasu",
"ruby": [
[
"為",
"な"
]
],
"sense": "做",
"word": "為す"
},
{
"roman": "okonau",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"sense": "开展",
"word": "行う"
},
{
"roman": "-ru",
"sense": "构成动词",
"word": "〜る"
}
],
"word": "する"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語動詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"有1個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"未指定是否及物的日語動詞"
],
"etymology_text": "多个汉字的读音。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "动词",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"刷る，摺る： 印刷 (因为放入凸印版的纸会被滑动印上墨水)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"掏る： 扒窃 (可能是因为扒手要将手滑入被害者的口袋中；对比英语slick)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"擦る，摩る，磨る，擂る： 滑动，擦；浪费财产"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"剃る： 剃る (soru，“剃”)的不规则读音"
]
}
],
"word": "する"
}
Download raw JSONL data for する meaning in 日语 (17.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 日语 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-15 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.