See rough in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A rough is a person who is rude."
],
"id": "simple-rough-en-noun-c5P69CHt",
"raw_tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "rougher",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "roughest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rough",
"2": "rougher",
"3": "roughest"
},
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wooden table felt rough until he rubbed it with sandpaper to make it smooth."
},
{
"text": "Stone roads are rough and make my bicycle go up and down."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having small bumps on it. Not smooth."
],
"id": "simple-rough-en-adj-4ZYYWN2N"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I quickly drew a rough map to help him find the place."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not perfect."
],
"id": "simple-rough-en-adj-NwVx3M5r"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Life can be rough sometimes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"If something is rough, it is difficult."
],
"id": "simple-rough-en-adj-NmuCijGQ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "roughs",
"tags": [
"third-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roughed",
"tags": [
"past",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "roughing",
"tags": [
"present",
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rough in the shape first, then polish the details."
}
],
"glosses": [
"If you rough something, you create it in an approximate form."
],
"id": "simple-rough-en-verb-N~RjKfvz"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A rough is a person who is rude."
],
"raw_tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "rougher",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "roughest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rough",
"2": "rougher",
"3": "roughest"
},
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wooden table felt rough until he rubbed it with sandpaper to make it smooth."
},
{
"text": "Stone roads are rough and make my bicycle go up and down."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having small bumps on it. Not smooth."
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I quickly drew a rough map to help him find the place."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not perfect."
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Life can be rough sometimes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"If something is rough, it is difficult."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rough",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "roughs",
"tags": [
"third-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roughed",
"tags": [
"past",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "roughing",
"tags": [
"present",
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
"name": "verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rough in the shape first, then polish the details."
}
],
"glosses": [
"If you rough something, you create it in an approximate form."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rough.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rough.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"homophones": [
"ruff"
]
}
],
"word": "rough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rough meaning in English (2.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the simplewiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.