"by" meaning in English

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Preposition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
      "name": "preposition"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near or next to."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-bSDJpoeS"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Be back by ten o'clock!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at some time before (the given time)."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-cvkpQr90"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The matter was decided by the chairman."
        },
        {
          "text": "The boat was swamped by the water."
        },
        {
          "text": "He was protected by his body armour."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action"
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-8lxGIRww"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-zOoiyHC4"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shows how someone does something"
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-nWPiENac"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I sorted the items by category."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "using the rules or logic of."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-23d8TFSB"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Our stock is up by ten percent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-aezVoei6"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We went through the book page by page."
        },
        {
          "text": "We crawled forward by inches."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form \"X by X\" or \"by Xs\")"
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-RbivbK2A"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The window is 45 cm by 60 cm."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "When measuring the width and depth of something, by is used between the lengths of the two sides."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-oIlg1S30"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Five multiplied by seven is 35."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "If you multiply x by y, you multiply x × y."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-pHZ~oEFy"
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "35 divided by seven is five."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "If you divide x by y, you find how many ys are in x."
      ],
      "id": "simple-by-en-prep-GDevijo-"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/"
    },
    {
      "sampa": "/baI/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Audio"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophones": [
        "bi",
        "buy",
        "bye"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Preposition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "expansion": "[POS TABLE]",
      "name": "preposition"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near or next to."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Be back by ten o'clock!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at some time before (the given time)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The matter was decided by the chairman."
        },
        {
          "text": "The boat was swamped by the water."
        },
        {
          "text": "He was protected by his body armour."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shows how someone does something"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I sorted the items by category."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "using the rules or logic of."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Our stock is up by ten percent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We went through the book page by page."
        },
        {
          "text": "We crawled forward by inches."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form \"X by X\" or \"by Xs\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The window is 45 cm by 60 cm."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "When measuring the width and depth of something, by is used between the lengths of the two sides."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Five multiplied by seven is 35."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "If you multiply x by y, you multiply x × y."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "35 divided by seven is five."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "If you divide x by y, you find how many ys are in x."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/"
    },
    {
      "sampa": "/baI/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Audio"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophones": [
        "bi",
        "buy",
        "bye"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}