"podobieństwo" meaning in język polski

See podobieństwo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: ˌpɔdɔˈbʲjɛ̇̃j̃stfɔ, podobʹi ̯ė̃ĩ ̯stfo [Slavic-alphabet] Audio: Pl-podobieństwo.ogg
Forms: podobieństwa [genitive, singular], podobieństwu [dative, singular], podobieństwem [instrumental, singular], podobieństwie [locative, singular], podobieństwa [nominative, plural], podobieństw [genitive, plural], podobieństwom [dative, plural], podobieństwa [accusative, plural], podobieństwami [instrumental, plural], podobieństwach [locative, plural], podobieństwa [vocative, plural]
  1. zgodność pewnych cech, właściwości pomiędzy osobami lub rzeczami
    Sense id: pl-podobieństwo-pl-noun-vhOFQk58
  2. przekształcenie geometryczne, w którym zachowany jest stosunek odległości punktów
    Sense id: pl-podobieństwo-pl-noun-cXNTl~yE Topics: mathematics
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: analogia, analogiczność, zbieżność, zgodność, powinowactwo Translations: similarity (angielski), resemblance (angielski), similarity (angielski), شبه (arabski), antz (baskijski), antzekotasun (baskijski), antzekotasun (baskijski), sličnost [feminine] (chorwacki), sličnost [feminine] (chorwacki), тералла (czeczeński), podoba [feminine] (czeski), lighed [common] (duński), simileco (esperanto), yhtäläisyys (fiński), samankaltaisuus (fiński), similitude [feminine] (francuski), ressemblance [feminine] (francuski), similitude [feminine] (francuski), similitud [feminine] (hiszpański), parecido [masculine] (hiszpański), semejanza [feminine] (hiszpański), semejanza [feminine] (hiszpański), ענלעכקייט (enlechkejt) [feminine] (jidysz), ұқсастық (kazachski), сличност [feminine] (macedoński), Ähnlichkeit [feminine] (niemiecki), схо́дство [neuter] (rosyjski), похо́жесть [feminine] (rosyjski), подо́бие [neuter] (rosyjski), подо́бность [feminine] (rosyjski), подо́бие [neuter] (rosyjski), उपमा [feminine] (sanskryt), сличност [feminine] (serbski), подібність [feminine] (ukraiński), схожість [feminine] (ukraiński), hasonlóság (węgierski), līdzība [feminine] (łotewski)
Categories (other): Polski (indeks) Related terms: uderzające podobieństwo, na podobieństwo czyjeś, czegoś (wzorując się na kimś, czymś), wykazywać podobieństwo, skala podobieństwa, stosunek podobieństwa, podobizna [noun, feminine], podobność [feminine], podobny [adjective], podobniutki, podobnie [adverb], podobno
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "różnica"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Polski (indeks)",
      "orig": "polski (indeks)",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwu",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwem",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwie",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństw",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwom",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwami",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwach",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "notes": [
    {
      "text": "zob. też podobieństwo w Wikipedii"
    }
  ],
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "uderzające podobieństwo"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "na podobieństwo czyjeś"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czegoś (wzorując się na kimś"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czymś)"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wykazywać podobieństwo"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "skala podobieństwa"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "stosunek podobieństwa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podobizna"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podobność"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "podobny"
    },
    {
      "word": "podobniutki"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "podobnie"
    },
    {
      "word": "podobno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "zgodność pewnych cech, właściwości pomiędzy osobami lub rzeczami"
      ],
      "id": "pl-podobieństwo-pl-noun-vhOFQk58",
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "przekształcenie geometryczne, w którym zachowany jest stosunek odległości punktów"
      ],
      "id": "pl-podobieństwo-pl-noun-cXNTl~yE",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "topics": [
        "mathematics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ˌpɔdɔˈbʲjɛ̇̃j̃stfɔ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "podobʹi ̯ė̃ĩ ̯stfo",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Pl-podobieństwo.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "analogia"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "analogiczność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zbieżność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zgodność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "powinowactwo"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "neuter"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "similarity"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "resemblance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "شبه"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "antz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "antzekotasun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sličnost"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeczeński",
      "lang_code": "ce",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "тералла"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podoba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "lighed"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "simileco"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fiński",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "yhtäläisyys"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fiński",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "samankaltaisuus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitude"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ressemblance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitud"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "parecido"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "semejanza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "jidysz",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "enlechkejt",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ענלעכקייט"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ұқсастық"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łotewski",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "līdzība"
    },
    {
      "lang": "macedoński",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сличност"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Ähnlichkeit"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "схо́дство"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "похо́жесть"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бие"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бность"
    },
    {
      "lang": "sanskryt",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "उपमा"
    },
    {
      "lang": "serbski",
      "lang_code": "sr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сличност"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "подібність"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "схожість"
    },
    {
      "lang": "węgierski",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "hasonlóság"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "similarity"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "antzekotasun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sličnost"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitude"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "semejanza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бие"
    }
  ],
  "word": "podobieństwo"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "różnica"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "polski (indeks)"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwu",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwem",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwie",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństw",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwom",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwami",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwach",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podobieństwa",
      "sense_index": "1.1-2",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "notes": [
    {
      "text": "zob. też podobieństwo w Wikipedii"
    }
  ],
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "uderzające podobieństwo"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "na podobieństwo czyjeś"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czegoś (wzorując się na kimś"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czymś)"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wykazywać podobieństwo"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "skala podobieństwa"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "stosunek podobieństwa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podobizna"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podobność"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "podobny"
    },
    {
      "word": "podobniutki"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "podobnie"
    },
    {
      "word": "podobno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "zgodność pewnych cech, właściwości pomiędzy osobami lub rzeczami"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "przekształcenie geometryczne, w którym zachowany jest stosunek odległości punktów"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "topics": [
        "mathematics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ˌpɔdɔˈbʲjɛ̇̃j̃stfɔ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "podobʹi ̯ė̃ĩ ̯stfo",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Pl-podobieństwo.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-podobieństwo.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "analogia"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "analogiczność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zbieżność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zgodność"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "powinowactwo"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "neuter"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "similarity"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "resemblance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "شبه"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "antz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "antzekotasun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sličnost"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeczeński",
      "lang_code": "ce",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "тералла"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podoba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "lighed"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "simileco"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fiński",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "yhtäläisyys"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fiński",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "samankaltaisuus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitude"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ressemblance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitud"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "parecido"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "semejanza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "jidysz",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "enlechkejt",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ענלעכקייט"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ұқсастық"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łotewski",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "līdzība"
    },
    {
      "lang": "macedoński",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сличност"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Ähnlichkeit"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "схо́дство"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "похо́жесть"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бие"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бность"
    },
    {
      "lang": "sanskryt",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "उपमा"
    },
    {
      "lang": "serbski",
      "lang_code": "sr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сличност"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "подібність"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "схожість"
    },
    {
      "lang": "węgierski",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "hasonlóság"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "similarity"
    },
    {
      "lang": "baskijski",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "word": "antzekotasun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sličnost"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "similitude"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "semejanza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "подо́бие"
    }
  ],
  "word": "podobieństwo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for podobieństwo meaning in język polski (6.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable język polski dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-17 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (1fa2fea and a709d4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.