See kuc on Wiktionary
{ "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Polski (indeks)", "orig": "polski (indeks)", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "koń" } ], "hyponyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "falabella" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "related": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc islandzki" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc szetlandzki" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc walijski" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "zaprząc kuca" }, { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "Trzymamy też kilka kucy do pracy z dziećmi z pobliskiego ośrodka." } ], "glosses": [ "koń niewielkich rozmiarów, nie przekraczający 148 cm w kłębie" ], "id": "pl-kuc-pl-noun-ulQ2bRy6", "sense_index": "1.1", "topics": [ "zoology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kucyk" } ], "tags": [ "animate", "masculine" ], "translations": [ { "lang": "angielski", "lang_code": "en", "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "czeski", "lang_code": "cs", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "duński", "lang_code": "da", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "common" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "francuski", "lang_code": "fr", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "poney" }, { "lang": "hiszpański", "lang_code": "es", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "hiszpański", "lang_code": "es", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "caballito" }, { "lang": "łaciński", "lang_code": "la", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mannus" }, { "lang": "niemiecki", "lang_code": "de", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Pony" }, { "lang": "niemiecki", "lang_code": "de", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Kleinpferd" }, { "lang": "portugalski", "lang_code": "pt", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pônei" }, { "lang": "słowacki", "lang_code": "sk", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "węgierski", "lang_code": "hu", "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "póni" }, { "lang": "włoski", "lang_code": "it", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" } ], "word": "kuc" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Polski (indeks)", "orig": "polski (indeks)", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucy", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucy", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "2.1", "word": "mężczyzna" }, { "sense_index": "2.2", "word": "programista" }, { "sense_index": "2.3", "word": "libertarianin" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "raw_tags": [ "męskoosobowy" ], "related": [ { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "Lidka chodzi teraz z jakimś kucem z IV c." } ], "glosses": [ "mężczyzna ze spiętymi z tyłu włosami" ], "id": "pl-kuc-pl-noun-96mjoJrg", "sense_index": "2.1", "tags": [ "colloquial" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "Zatrudnili jakiegoś kuca i on ma być odpowiedzialny za serwery?" } ], "glosses": [ "początkujący programista, słaby informatyk" ], "id": "pl-kuc-pl-noun-~MdIpPEk", "sense_index": "2.2", "tags": [ "colloquial" ], "topics": [ "computer-science" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Cudzysłowy w parametrze „hasło”", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Z ulotkami pod galerią stały kuce z UPR-u." } ], "glosses": [ "korwinista, zwykle małoletni sympatyk Janusza Korwin-Mikkego" ], "id": "pl-kuc-pl-noun-0w1Y~h1b", "sense_index": "2.3", "tags": [ "colloquial", "scornfully" ], "topics": [ "political-science" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "word": "kuc" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Polski (indeks)", "orig": "polski (indeks)", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "fryzura" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "related": [ { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Język fryzyjski", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Kilku studentów nosi kuce, nie jest to niczym nadzwyczajnym." } ], "glosses": [ "włosy zawiązany z tyłu i swobodnie zwisające" ], "id": "pl-kuc-pl-noun-kyDSYmF3", "raw_tags": [ "fryz." ], "sense_index": "3.1" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "kucyk" } ], "tags": [ "inanimate", "masculine" ], "translations": [ { "lang": "angielski", "lang_code": "en", "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "pony" } ], "word": "kuc" }
{ "categories": [ "polski (indeks)" ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "koń" } ], "hyponyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "falabella" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "related": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc islandzki" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc szetlandzki" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kuc walijski" }, { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "zaprząc kuca" }, { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "Trzymamy też kilka kucy do pracy z dziećmi z pobliskiego ośrodka." } ], "glosses": [ "koń niewielkich rozmiarów, nie przekraczający 148 cm w kłębie" ], "sense_index": "1.1", "topics": [ "zoology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "kucyk" } ], "tags": [ "animate", "masculine" ], "translations": [ { "lang": "angielski", "lang_code": "en", "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "czeski", "lang_code": "cs", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "duński", "lang_code": "da", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "common" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "francuski", "lang_code": "fr", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "poney" }, { "lang": "hiszpański", "lang_code": "es", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "hiszpański", "lang_code": "es", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "caballito" }, { "lang": "łaciński", "lang_code": "la", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mannus" }, { "lang": "niemiecki", "lang_code": "de", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Pony" }, { "lang": "niemiecki", "lang_code": "de", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Kleinpferd" }, { "lang": "portugalski", "lang_code": "pt", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pônei" }, { "lang": "słowacki", "lang_code": "sk", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" }, { "lang": "węgierski", "lang_code": "hu", "sense_index": "1.1", "word": "póni" }, { "lang": "włoski", "lang_code": "it", "sense_index": "1.1", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "pony" } ], "word": "kuc" } { "categories": [ "polski (indeks)" ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucy", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucy", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "2.1-3", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "2.1", "word": "mężczyzna" }, { "sense_index": "2.2", "word": "programista" }, { "sense_index": "2.3", "word": "libertarianin" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "raw_tags": [ "męskoosobowy" ], "related": [ { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "Lidka chodzi teraz z jakimś kucem z IV c." } ], "glosses": [ "mężczyzna ze spiętymi z tyłu włosami" ], "sense_index": "2.1", "tags": [ "colloquial" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "Zatrudnili jakiegoś kuca i on ma być odpowiedzialny za serwery?" } ], "glosses": [ "początkujący programista, słaby informatyk" ], "sense_index": "2.2", "tags": [ "colloquial" ], "topics": [ "computer-science" ] }, { "categories": [ "Cudzysłowy w parametrze „hasło”" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Z ulotkami pod galerią stały kuce z UPR-u." } ], "glosses": [ "korwinista, zwykle małoletni sympatyk Janusza Korwin-Mikkego" ], "sense_index": "2.3", "tags": [ "colloquial", "scornfully" ], "topics": [ "political-science" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "word": "kuc" } { "categories": [ "polski (indeks)" ], "etymology_texts": [ "białor." ], "forms": [ { "form": "kuca", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucowi", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucem", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kucu", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuców", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucom", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucami", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kucach", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kuce", "sense_index": "3.1", "tags": [ "vocative", "plural" ] } ], "hypernyms": [ { "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "fryzura" } ], "lang": "język polski", "lang_code": "pl", "pos": "noun", "pos_text": "rzeczownik", "related": [ { "tags": [ "diminutive", "masculine", "animate" ], "word": "kucyk" }, { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "kucowaty" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Język fryzyjski" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Kilku studentów nosi kuce, nie jest to niczym nadzwyczajnym." } ], "glosses": [ "włosy zawiązany z tyłu i swobodnie zwisające" ], "raw_tags": [ "fryz." ], "sense_index": "3.1" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "kut͡s" }, { "ipa": "kuc", "tags": [ "Slavic-alphabet" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav.ogg", "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kuc.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "kucyk" } ], "tags": [ "inanimate", "masculine" ], "translations": [ { "lang": "angielski", "lang_code": "en", "sense_index": "3.1", "word": "pony" } ], "word": "kuc" }
Download raw JSONL data for kuc meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.