See fum on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"łac. fūmus → dym; w polszczyźnie powszechne od XVIII wieku"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumów",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumów",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumom",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumami",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumach",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tak",
"raw_tags": [
"sprawdzone"
],
"sense_index": "1.3"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"text": "występuje w: Linde; Brückner; Doroszewski; nie występuje w SPXVI"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "stroić fumy"
}
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuma"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym, wyziew, para"
],
"id": "pl-fum-pl-noun-Q~7NSDsA",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"próżność, pycha"
],
"id": "pl-fum-pl-noun-lKrSszqT",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"metaphoric",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
87,
91
]
],
"ref": "E. Orzeszkowa, Na prowincji.",
"text": "Ale zarazem jesteś wietrzny, bałamut, nie lubisz pracy, a lubisz hulanki, masz pańskie fumy i zachcianki, które biednego szlachcica do torby i kija żebraczego prowadzą"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fumy → grymasy, fochy, dąsy, urojenia, fantazje"
],
"id": "pl-fum-pl-noun-pvDQnA9r",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "fũm"
},
{
"ipa": "fũm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-fum.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "fuma"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język arumuński",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arumuński (indeks)",
"orig": "arumuński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język arumuński",
"lang_code": "roa-rup",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-roa-rup-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język dalmatyński",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dalmatyński (indeks)",
"orig": "dalmatyński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język dalmatyński",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"głód"
],
"id": "pl-fum-dlm-noun-Nn48DEYD",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto (morfem)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto - morfemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto (morfem) (indeks)",
"orig": "esperanto (morfem) (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "esperanto (morfem)",
"lang_code": "eom",
"pos": "unknown",
"pos_text": "morfem",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-eom-unknown-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język friulski",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Friulski (indeks)",
"orig": "friulski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język friulski",
"lang_code": "fur",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-fur-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kataloński (indeks)",
"orig": "kataloński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumador"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fumadora"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fumarada"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fumat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas."
],
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-ca-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈfum"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rumuński (indeks)",
"orig": "rumuński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-ro-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-fum.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język starofrancuski",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Starofrancuski (indeks)",
"orig": "starofrancuski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język starofrancuski",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-fro-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język wenecki",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wenecki (indeks)",
"orig": "wenecki (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język wenecki",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"id": "pl-fum-vec-noun-K3A3iGwY",
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto (morfem)",
"Esperanto - morfemy",
"esperanto (morfem) (indeks)"
],
"lang": "esperanto (morfem)",
"lang_code": "eom",
"pos": "unknown",
"pos_text": "morfem",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język arumuński",
"arumuński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język arumuński",
"lang_code": "roa-rup",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język dalmatyński",
"dalmatyński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język dalmatyński",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"głód"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język friulski",
"friulski (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język friulski",
"lang_code": "fur",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"kataloński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumador"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fumadora"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fumarada"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fumat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas."
],
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈfum"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-fum.wav.mp3",
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],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"łac. fūmus → dym; w polszczyźnie powszechne od XVIII wieku"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumów",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumów",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumom",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumami",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumach",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fumy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tak",
"raw_tags": [
"sprawdzone"
],
"sense_index": "1.3"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"text": "występuje w: Linde; Brückner; Doroszewski; nie występuje w SPXVI"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "stroić fumy"
}
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuma"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym, wyziew, para"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"próżność, pycha"
],
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"metaphoric",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
87,
91
]
],
"ref": "E. Orzeszkowa, Na prowincji.",
"text": "Ale zarazem jesteś wietrzny, bałamut, nie lubisz pracy, a lubisz hulanki, masz pańskie fumy i zachcianki, które biednego szlachcica do torby i kija żebraczego prowadzą"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fumy → grymasy, fochy, dąsy, urojenia, fantazje"
],
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "fũm"
},
{
"ipa": "fũm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-fum.wav.mp3",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "fuma"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"rumuński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-fum.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-fum.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język starofrancuski",
"starofrancuski (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język starofrancuski",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język wenecki",
"wenecki (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język wenecki",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dym"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fum meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-01 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (bb9bcd7 and e876143). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.