arduo in Italiano

The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Translations ((senso figurato) difficile): arduous (inglese), strenuous (inglese), difficult (inglese), demanding (inglese), grueling (inglese), arduus (latino), difficilis (latino) Translations (uso letterario: ripido): steep (inglese), uphill (inglese), invius (latino) [Show more ▼] [Hide more ▲]

Categories (other): Aggettivi in italiano Synonyms: disagevole, faticoso, impervio, malagevole, ripido, scosceso, alto, elevato, erto, impervio, difficile, difficoltoso, ostico, scabroso, problematico, complesso [figuratively], complicato, duro, gravoso, impegnativo, stancante

Inflected forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "agevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "percorribile"
    },
    {
      "word": "piano"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "banale"
    },
    {
      "word": "elementare"
    },
    {
      "word": "evidente"
    },
    {
      "word": "facile"
    },
    {
      "word": "lineare"
    },
    {
      "word": "semplice"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Aggettivi in italiano",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "dal latino arduus"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ardui",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardua",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardue",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "àr",
        "duo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italiano",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "Aggettivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Espressioni familiari-IT",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "duro da fare"
      ],
      "id": "it-arduo-it-adj-RpIB7kxf",
      "raw_tags": [
        "familiare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarduo/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "di percorso"
      ],
      "word": "disagevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "faticoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "impervio"
    },
    {
      "word": "malagevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "ripido"
    },
    {
      "word": "scosceso"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "uso letterario"
      ],
      "word": "alto"
    },
    {
      "word": "elevato"
    },
    {
      "word": "erto"
    },
    {
      "word": "impervio"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "di argomento"
      ],
      "word": "difficile"
    },
    {
      "word": "difficoltoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "ostico"
    },
    {
      "word": "scabroso"
    },
    {
      "word": "problematico"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "complesso"
    },
    {
      "word": "complicato"
    },
    {
      "word": "duro"
    },
    {
      "word": "gravoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "impegnativo"
    },
    {
      "word": "stancante"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine",
    "singular"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "steep"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "uphill"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "invius"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "arduous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "strenuous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "difficult"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "demanding"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "grueling"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "arduus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "difficilis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "arduo"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "agevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "percorribile"
    },
    {
      "word": "piano"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "banale"
    },
    {
      "word": "elementare"
    },
    {
      "word": "evidente"
    },
    {
      "word": "facile"
    },
    {
      "word": "lineare"
    },
    {
      "word": "semplice"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Aggettivi in italiano"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "dal latino arduus"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ardui",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardua",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardue",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "àr",
        "duo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italiano",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "Aggettivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Espressioni familiari-IT"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "duro da fare"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "familiare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarduo/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "di percorso"
      ],
      "word": "disagevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "faticoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "impervio"
    },
    {
      "word": "malagevole"
    },
    {
      "word": "ripido"
    },
    {
      "word": "scosceso"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "uso letterario"
      ],
      "word": "alto"
    },
    {
      "word": "elevato"
    },
    {
      "word": "erto"
    },
    {
      "word": "impervio"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "di argomento"
      ],
      "word": "difficile"
    },
    {
      "word": "difficoltoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "ostico"
    },
    {
      "word": "scabroso"
    },
    {
      "word": "problematico"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "complesso"
    },
    {
      "word": "complicato"
    },
    {
      "word": "duro"
    },
    {
      "word": "gravoso"
    },
    {
      "word": "impegnativo"
    },
    {
      "word": "stancante"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine",
    "singular"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "steep"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "uphill"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "uso letterario: ripido",
      "word": "invius"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "arduous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "strenuous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "difficult"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "demanding"
    },
    {
      "lang": "inglese",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "grueling"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "arduus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "latino",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(senso figurato) difficile",
      "word": "difficilis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "arduo"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italiano dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-22 from the itwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"arduo" meaning in Italiano

Adjective

Inflected forms