See raffermer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lemmes en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Verbes du premier groupe en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Verbes en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Verbes transitifs en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Français", "orig": "français", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "→ voir re- et affermer" ], "forms": [ { "form": "raffermer", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "infinitive", "present" ] }, { "form": "avoir raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\a.vwaʁ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "infinitive", "past" ] }, { "form": "en raffermant", "ipas": [ "\\ɑ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.mɑ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "gerund", "present" ] }, { "form": "en ayant raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɑ̃.n‿ɛ.jɑ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "gerund", "past" ] }, { "form": "raffermant", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.mɑ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "je rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermes", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermons", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles rafferment", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "j’ai raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿e ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "tu as raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty a ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on a raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "nous avons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿a.vɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "vous avez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿a.ve ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles ont raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "je raffermais", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermais", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermait", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermions", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermiez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermaient", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "j’avais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "tu avais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on avait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "nous avions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿a.vjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "vous aviez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿a.vje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles avaient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "je raffermai", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermas", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on rafferma", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermâmes", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mam\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermâtes", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mat\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermèrent", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛʁ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "j’eus raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "tu eus raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on eut raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "nous eûmes raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿ym ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "vous eûtes raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿yt ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles eurent raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿yʁ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "je raffermerai", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁe\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermeras", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁa\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermera", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁa\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermerons", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermerez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁe\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermeront", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "j’aurai raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿o.ʁe ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "tu auras raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty o.ʁa ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on aura raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁa ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "nous aurons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿o.ʁɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "vous aurez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿o.ʁe ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles auront raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "que je rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒə ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que tu raffermes", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que nous raffermions", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que vous raffermiez", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles rafferment", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que j’aie raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒ‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que tu aies raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on ait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que nous ayons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu.z‿ɛ.jɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que vous ayez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu.z‿ɛ.je ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles aient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que je raffermasse", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que tu raffermasses", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on raffermât", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que nous raffermassions", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu ʁa.fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que vous raffermassiez", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu ʁa.fɛʁ.ma.sje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles raffermassent", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que j’eusse raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒ‿ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que tu eusses raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on eût raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que nous eussions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu.z‿y.sjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que vous eussiez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu.z‿y.sje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles eussent raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "je raffermerais", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermerais", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermerait", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermerions", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermeriez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mə.ʁje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermeraient", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "j’aurais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "tu aurais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on aurait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "nous aurions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿o.ʁjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "vous auriez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿o.ʁje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles auraient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermons", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.mɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermez", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "aie raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ayons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ.jɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ayez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ.je ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] } ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Verbe", "raw_tags": [ "1ᵉʳ groupe" ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Exemples en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 17, 26 ] ], "ref": "Madame de Sévigné, 29 avril 1685", "text": "J’ai une terre à raffermer, j’ai mille choses trop longues à dire." } ], "glosses": [ "Affermer de nouveau." ], "id": "fr-raffermer-fr-verb-5HvmII9b" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Bourg-en-Bresse (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-raffermer.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Somain (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-raffermer.wav" } ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "word": "raffermer" }
{ "categories": [ "Lemmes en français", "Verbes du premier groupe en français", "Verbes en français", "Verbes transitifs en français", "français" ], "etymology_texts": [ "→ voir re- et affermer" ], "forms": [ { "form": "raffermer", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "infinitive", "present" ] }, { "form": "avoir raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\a.vwaʁ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "infinitive", "past" ] }, { "form": "en raffermant", "ipas": [ "\\ɑ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.mɑ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "gerund", "present" ] }, { "form": "en ayant raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɑ̃.n‿ɛ.jɑ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "gerund", "past" ] }, { "form": "raffermant", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.mɑ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "je rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermes", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermons", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles rafferment", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "present" ] }, { "form": "j’ai raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿e ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "tu as raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty a ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on a raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "nous avons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿a.vɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "vous avez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿a.ve ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles ont raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "je raffermais", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermais", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermait", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermions", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermiez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermaient", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "j’avais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "tu avais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on avait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "nous avions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿a.vjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "vous aviez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿a.vje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles avaient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿a.vɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "je raffermai", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermas", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on rafferma", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermâmes", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mam\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermâtes", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mat\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermèrent", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mɛʁ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past" ] }, { "form": "j’eus raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "tu eus raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on eut raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "nous eûmes raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿ym ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "vous eûtes raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿yt ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles eurent raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿yʁ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "past", "anterior" ] }, { "form": "je raffermerai", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁe\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermeras", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁa\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermera", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁa\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermerons", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermerez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁe\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermeront", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future" ] }, { "form": "j’aurai raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿o.ʁe ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "tu auras raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty o.ʁa ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on aura raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁa ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "nous aurons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿o.ʁɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "vous aurez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿o.ʁe ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles auront raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "indicative", "future", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "que je rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒə ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que tu raffermes", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que nous raffermions", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que vous raffermiez", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles rafferment", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "que j’aie raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒ‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que tu aies raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on ait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que nous ayons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu.z‿ɛ.jɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que vous ayez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu.z‿ɛ.je ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles aient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "past" ] }, { "form": "que je raffermasse", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que tu raffermasses", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on raffermât", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.ma\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que nous raffermassions", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu ʁa.fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que vous raffermassiez", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu ʁa.fɛʁ.ma.sje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles raffermassent", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.mas\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "que j’eusse raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ʒ‿ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que tu eusses raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə ty ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’il/elle/on eût raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que nous eussions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə nu.z‿y.sjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "que vous eussiez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\kə vu.z‿y.sje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "qu’ils/elles eussent raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ys ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "je raffermerais", "ipas": [ "\\ʒə ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "tu raffermerais", "ipas": [ "\\ty ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on raffermerait", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl/ɔ̃] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "nous raffermerions", "ipas": [ "\\nu ʁa.fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "vous raffermeriez", "ipas": [ "\\vu ʁa.fɛʁ.mə.ʁje\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles raffermeraient", "ipas": [ "\\[il/ɛl] ʁa.fɛʁ.m(ə.)ʁɛ\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "present" ] }, { "form": "j’aurais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ʒ‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "tu aurais raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ty o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "il/elle/on aurait raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "nous aurions raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\nu.z‿o.ʁjɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "vous auriez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\vu.z‿o.ʁje ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "ils/elles auraient raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "rafferme", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁm\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermons", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.mɔ̃\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "raffermez", "ipas": [ "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "present" ] }, { "form": "aie raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ayons raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ.jɔ̃ ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ayez raffermé", "ipas": [ "\\ɛ.je ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" ], "source": "Conjugaison:français/raffermer", "tags": [ "imperative", "past" ] } ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Verbe", "raw_tags": [ "1ᵉʳ groupe" ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Exemples en français" ], "examples": [ { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 17, 26 ] ], "ref": "Madame de Sévigné, 29 avril 1685", "text": "J’ai une terre à raffermer, j’ai mille choses trop longues à dire." } ], "glosses": [ "Affermer de nouveau." ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ʁa.fɛʁ.me\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Bourg-en-Bresse (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-raffermer.wav" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-raffermer.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-raffermer.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Somain (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-raffermer.wav" } ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "word": "raffermer" }
Download raw JSONL data for raffermer meaning in Français (16.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Français dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-25 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.