See initiative in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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"source": "w"
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"source": "w"
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en haoussa",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ido",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en indonésien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en japonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en normand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en néerlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en same du Nord",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en suédois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en wallon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "esprit d’initiative"
},
{
"word": "initiative de place"
},
{
"word": "prendre l’initiative"
},
{
"word": "syndicat d’initiative"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Féminin de initiatif → voir initier, initiation et initiatique."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "initiatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Japon",
"word": "先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "後の先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "先の先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "先先の先"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Louis Pergaud, La Vengeance du père Jourgeot, dans Les Rustiques, nouvelles villageoises, 1921",
"text": "C’était elle qui assumait dans la maison les travaux de l’homme que sa vieillesse lui eût rendus difficiles. Combien de ménagères auraient, d’elles-mêmes, pris cette initiative généreuse !"
},
{
"ref": "Dieudonné Costes & Maurice Bellonte, Paris-New-York, 1930",
"text": "Lorsque l'on se trouve dans une pareille circonstance, que le succès et la vie dépendent d'une nouvelle initiative, on devient ingénieux, plus ingénieux, beaucoup plus qu'audacieux."
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Baptiste Charcot, Dans la mer du Groenland, 1928",
"text": "Jan-Mayen, le « No man's land » d'autrefois, est devenu un poste météorologique avancé, grâce à la hardie et généreuse initiative de la Norvège."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Action de proposer ou faire le premier quelque chose."
],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-WkJ0m8si"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
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"source": "w"
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{
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"name": "Lexique en français de la politique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français du droit",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "François Jarrige & Alexis Vrignon, Face à la puissance : Une histoire des énergies alternatives à l'âge industriel, Éditions La Découverte, 2020",
"text": "A l'été 1979, les cédétistes s'engagent dans une campagne de pétition pour un moratoire sur le nucléaire. L’initiative plaide pour un plan public en faveur des énergies nouvelles."
},
{
"text": "Dans la plupart des constitutions, l’initiative des lois appartient au gouvernement et aux membres des assemblées législatives."
},
{
"text": "L’initiative parlementaire."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Droit de faire le premier certaines propositions."
],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-Buw93ctP",
"topics": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Esprit d’initiative."
},
{
"text": "Il manque d’initiative."
},
{
"ref": "René Fallet, Charleston, chapitre III ; Éditions Denoël, Paris, 1967",
"text": "Les victimes n'ont le loisir et l'esprit d'initiative d'arracher les boutons de pardessus que dans les romans de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qualité de l’esprit qui consiste à proposer, à entreprendre le premier quelque chose."
],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-7c~A9C3V"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français des échecs",
"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-zVK07Sm5",
"topics": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français des arts martiaux",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français du militaire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-RJoYV2gZ",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-7O3uyRUP",
"raw_tags": [
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},
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français des jeux de rôle",
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"source": "w"
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],
"glosses": [
"Le fait d’être le premier ou la première à agir lors d’un tour de combat."
],
"id": "fr-initiative-fr-noun-gsEUN2nR",
"raw_tags": [
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"tags": [
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{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "Initiative"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "Veranlassung"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiative"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "introduction"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "start"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "innovativeness"
},
{
"lang": "Arabe",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "Mobadara",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مبادرة"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "ekimen"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "начинание"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciato"
},
{
"lang": "Féroïen",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "framtak"
},
{
"lang": "Féroïen",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "tiltak"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "aobiche"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "protovoulía",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "πρωτοβουλία"
},
{
"lang": "Haoussa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "mataki"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "inicio"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "prakarsa"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shudō",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "主導"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiatief"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "ondernemingslust"
},
{
"lang": "Normand",
"lang_code": "normand",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "esto"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciatiwa"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "iniciatíva",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "инициатива"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "álgga"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "uppslag"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "föranstaltande"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiativ"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "boutêye"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "iniciatemo"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "aobiche"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "vuolggahus"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "initiativrikedom"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "förslagenhet"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "échecs",
"sense_index": 4,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iniziativa"
}
],
"word": "initiative"
}
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{
"categories": [
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"derived": [
{
"word": "esprit d’initiative"
},
{
"word": "initiative de place"
},
{
"word": "prendre l’initiative"
},
{
"word": "syndicat d’initiative"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Féminin de initiatif → voir initier, initiation et initiatique."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "initiatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Japon",
"word": "先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "後の先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "先の先"
},
{
"sense": "(Arts martiaux) Action contraignant l’opposant à réagir",
"word": "先先の先"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Louis Pergaud, La Vengeance du père Jourgeot, dans Les Rustiques, nouvelles villageoises, 1921",
"text": "C’était elle qui assumait dans la maison les travaux de l’homme que sa vieillesse lui eût rendus difficiles. Combien de ménagères auraient, d’elles-mêmes, pris cette initiative généreuse !"
},
{
"ref": "Dieudonné Costes & Maurice Bellonte, Paris-New-York, 1930",
"text": "Lorsque l'on se trouve dans une pareille circonstance, que le succès et la vie dépendent d'une nouvelle initiative, on devient ingénieux, plus ingénieux, beaucoup plus qu'audacieux."
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Baptiste Charcot, Dans la mer du Groenland, 1928",
"text": "Jan-Mayen, le « No man's land » d'autrefois, est devenu un poste météorologique avancé, grâce à la hardie et généreuse initiative de la Norvège."
}
],
"glosses": [
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]
},
{
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"Lexique en français de la politique",
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"examples": [
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"ref": "François Jarrige & Alexis Vrignon, Face à la puissance : Une histoire des énergies alternatives à l'âge industriel, Éditions La Découverte, 2020",
"text": "A l'été 1979, les cédétistes s'engagent dans une campagne de pétition pour un moratoire sur le nucléaire. L’initiative plaide pour un plan public en faveur des énergies nouvelles."
},
{
"text": "Dans la plupart des constitutions, l’initiative des lois appartient au gouvernement et aux membres des assemblées législatives."
},
{
"text": "L’initiative parlementaire."
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
"law",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Esprit d’initiative."
},
{
"text": "Il manque d’initiative."
},
{
"ref": "René Fallet, Charleston, chapitre III ; Éditions Denoël, Paris, 1967",
"text": "Les victimes n'ont le loisir et l'esprit d'initiative d'arracher les boutons de pardessus que dans les romans de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qualité de l’esprit qui consiste à proposer, à entreprendre le premier quelque chose."
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Possibilité de commencer une action."
],
"topics": [
"chess"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
"martial-arts",
"military"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"glosses": [
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"raw_tags": [
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},
{
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"glosses": [
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],
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "Initiative"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "Veranlassung"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiative"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "introduction"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "start"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "innovativeness"
},
{
"lang": "Arabe",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "Mobadara",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مبادرة"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "ekimen"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "начинание"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciato"
},
{
"lang": "Féroïen",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "framtak"
},
{
"lang": "Féroïen",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "tiltak"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "aobiche"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "protovoulía",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "πρωτοβουλία"
},
{
"lang": "Haoussa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "mataki"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "inicio"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "prakarsa"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shudō",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "主導"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiatief"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "ondernemingslust"
},
{
"lang": "Normand",
"lang_code": "normand",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "esto"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciatiwa"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "iniciatíva",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "инициатива"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "álgga"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "uppslag"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "föranstaltande"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "initiativ"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "iniciativa"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "Action d’agir premier",
"word": "boutêye"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "iniciatemo"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "aobiche"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "vuolggahus"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "initiativrikedom"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Qualité de l’esprit",
"word": "förslagenhet"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "échecs",
"sense_index": 4,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iniziativa"
}
],
"word": "initiative"
}
{
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"Lexique en français des jeux de rôle"
],
"glosses": [
"Indique, de manière parodique, qu’un personnage réagit de manière brutale à une situation qui devrait se régler d’une autre manière (fuite, diplomatie…)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Jeux de rôle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\i.ni.sja.tiv\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-initiative.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-initiative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-initiative.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-initiative.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Cornimont (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-initiative.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-initiative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-initiative.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz_Jähnick-initiative.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Somain (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-initiative.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
],
"word": "initiative"
}
Download raw JSONL data for initiative meaning in Français (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Français dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-07 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.