See irruer on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes du premier groupe en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes intransitifs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes pronominaux en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin irruere : se précipiter, fondre sur, envahir."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "irruer",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\a.vwaʁ‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "en irruant",
"ipas": [
"\\ɑ̃.n‿i.ʁɥɑ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "en ayant irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɑ̃.n‿ɛ.jɑ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irruant",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥɑ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irrues",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruons",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁɥɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruent",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "j’ai irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿e i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "tu as irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty a.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on a irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "nous avons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿a.vɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "vous avez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿a.ve.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles ont irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɔ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruais",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruais",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruait",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruions",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.jɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruiez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.je\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruaient",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’avais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿a.vɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu avais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty a.vɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on avait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.vɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous avions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿a.vjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous aviez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿a.vje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles avaient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿a.vɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruai",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruas",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irrua",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruâmes",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁɥam\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruâtes",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁɥat\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruèrent",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥɛʁ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "j’eus irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿y.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "tu eus irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty y.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on eut irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "nous eûmes irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿ym.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "vous eûtes irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿yt.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles eurent irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿yʁ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruerai",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy.ʁe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irrueras",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy.ʁa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruera",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy.ʁa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruerons",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruerez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irrueront",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy.ʁɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "j’aurai irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿o.ʁe i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu auras irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty o.ʁa.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on aura irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁa i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous aurons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿o.ʁɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous aurez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿o.ʁe.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles auront irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɔ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu irrues",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous irruions",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿i.ʁy.jɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous irruiez",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿i.ʁy.je\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles irruent",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’aie irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿ɛ i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu aies irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty ɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on ait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿ɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous ayons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿ɛ.jɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous ayez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿ɛ.je.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles aient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’irruasse",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu irruasses",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on irruât",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous irruassions",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿i.ʁɥa.sjɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous irruassiez",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿i.ʁɥa.sje\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles irruassent",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’eusse irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿ys i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu eusses irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty ys.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on eût irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous eussions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿y.sjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous eussiez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿y.sje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles eussent irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ys.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruerais",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruerais",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruerait",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruerions",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁjɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irrueriez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁje\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irrueraient",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "j’aurais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿o.ʁɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tu aurais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty o.ʁɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on aurait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nous aurions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿o.ʁjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vous auriez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿o.ʁje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles auraient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irruons",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irruez",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aie irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ayons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ.jɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ayez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ.je.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "s’irruer",
"tags": [
"pronominal"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Verbe",
"raw_tags": [
"1ᵉʳ groupe"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
122
]
],
"ref": "Jean Lombard, Byzance, 1902",
"text": "Puissamment l'orgue grondait et grondait la voix de Ioan, et des voix s'élevaient, en la ténèbre de la crypte, pour irruer en le naos même (...)"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
58
]
],
"ref": "Joris-Karl Huysmans, Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam, 1901",
"text": "Vous vous désolez de ne pas sentir encore l'amour s'irruer en vous ?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Se ruer à l'intérieur."
],
"id": "fr-irruer-fr-verb-BwY4qVwT"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\i.ʁɥe\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Lyon)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"pronominal"
],
"word": "irruer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Verbes du premier groupe en français",
"Verbes en français",
"Verbes intransitifs en français",
"Verbes pronominaux en français",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin irruere : se précipiter, fondre sur, envahir."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "irruer",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\a.vwaʁ‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "en irruant",
"ipas": [
"\\ɑ̃.n‿i.ʁɥɑ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "en ayant irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɑ̃.n‿ɛ.jɑ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irruant",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥɑ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irrues",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruons",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁɥɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruent",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "j’ai irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿e i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "tu as irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty a.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on a irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "nous avons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿a.vɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "vous avez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿a.ve.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles ont irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɔ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruais",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruais",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruait",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruions",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.jɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruiez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.je\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruaient",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’avais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿a.vɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu avais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty a.vɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on avait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿a.vɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous avions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿a.vjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous aviez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿a.vje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles avaient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿a.vɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruai",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruas",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irrua",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruâmes",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁɥam\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruâtes",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁɥat\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irruèrent",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥɛʁ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "j’eus irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿y.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "tu eus irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty y.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on eut irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "nous eûmes irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿ym.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "vous eûtes irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿yt.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles eurent irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿yʁ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruerai",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy.ʁe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irrueras",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy.ʁa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruera",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy.ʁa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruerons",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irruerez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irrueront",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy.ʁɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "j’aurai irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿o.ʁe i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tu auras irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty o.ʁa.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on aura irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁa i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "nous aurons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿o.ʁɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vous aurez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿o.ʁe.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles auront irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɔ̃.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"future",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu irrues",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous irruions",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿i.ʁy.jɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous irruiez",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿i.ʁy.je\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles irruent",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’aie irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿ɛ i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu aies irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty ɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on ait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿ɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous ayons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿ɛ.jɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous ayez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿ɛ.je.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles aient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’irruasse",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu irruasses",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on irruât",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁɥa\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous irruassions",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿i.ʁɥa.sjɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous irruassiez",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿i.ʁɥa.sje\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles irruassent",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁɥas\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que j’eusse irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ʒ‿ys i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que tu eusses irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə ty ys.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on eût irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿y.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que nous eussions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə nu.z‿y.sjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "que vous eussiez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\kə vu.z‿y.sje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’ils/elles eussent irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\k‿[i/ɛ]l.z‿ys.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "j’irruerais",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tu irruerais",
"ipas": [
"\\ty i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on irruerait",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nous irruerions",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁjɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vous irrueriez",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿i.ʁy.ʁje\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles irrueraient",
"ipas": [
"\\[il/ɛl].z‿i.ʁy.ʁɛ\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "j’aurais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ʒ‿o.ʁɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tu aurais irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ty o.ʁɛ.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on aurait irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i.l/ɛ.l/ɔ̃.n]‿o.ʁɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nous aurions irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\nu.z‿o.ʁjɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vous auriez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\vu.z‿o.ʁje.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ils/elles auraient irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\[i/ɛ]l.z‿o.ʁɛ.t‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irrue",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁy\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irruons",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥɔ̃\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irruez",
"ipas": [
"\\i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aie irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ayons irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ.jɔ̃.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ayez irrué",
"ipas": [
"\\ɛ.je.z‿i.ʁɥe\\"
],
"source": "Conjugaison:français/irruer",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "s’irruer",
"tags": [
"pronominal"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Verbe",
"raw_tags": [
"1ᵉʳ groupe"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
122
]
],
"ref": "Jean Lombard, Byzance, 1902",
"text": "Puissamment l'orgue grondait et grondait la voix de Ioan, et des voix s'élevaient, en la ténèbre de la crypte, pour irruer en le naos même (...)"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
58
]
],
"ref": "Joris-Karl Huysmans, Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam, 1901",
"text": "Vous vous désolez de ne pas sentir encore l'amour s'irruer en vous ?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Se ruer à l'intérieur."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\i.ʁɥe\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Lyon)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-irruer.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"pronominal"
],
"word": "irruer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for irruer meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-26 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.