"calumniar" meaning in Español

See calumniar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ka.lumˈnjaɾ]
Rhymes: aɾ Etymology templates: {{etimología}} Si puedes, incorpórala: ver cómo Forms: calumniar [infinitive, simple], haber calumniado [infinitive, compound], calumniando [gerund, simple], habiendo calumniado [gerund, compound], calumniado [participle, simple], calumnio [present, singular, first-person], calumnias^(tú) [present, singular, second-person], calumniásᵛᵒˢ [present, singular, second-person], calumnia [present, singular, third-person], calumniamos [present, plural, first-person], calumniáis [present, plural, second-person], calumnian [present, plural, third-person], calumniaba [past, imperfect, singular, first-person], calumniabas [past, imperfect, singular, second-person], calumniaba [past, imperfect, singular, third-person], calumniábamos [past, imperfect, plural, first-person], calumniabais [past, imperfect, plural, second-person], calumniaban [past, imperfect, plural, third-person], calumnié [indefinite, preterite, singular, first-person], calumniaste [indefinite, preterite, singular, second-person], calumnió [indefinite, preterite, singular, third-person], calumniamos [indefinite, preterite, plural, first-person], calumniasteis [indefinite, preterite, plural, second-person], calumniaron [indefinite, preterite, plural, third-person], calumniaré [future, singular, first-person], calumniarás [future, singular, second-person], calumniará [future, singular, third-person], calumniaremos [future, plural, first-person], calumniaréis [future, plural, second-person], calumniarán [future, plural, third-person], calumniaría [conditional, singular, first-person], calumniarías [conditional, singular, second-person], calumniaría [conditional, singular, third-person], calumniaríamos [conditional, plural, first-person], calumniaríais [conditional, plural, second-person], calumniarían [conditional, plural, third-person], he calumniado [present, perfect, singular, first-person], has calumniado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], ha calumniado [present, perfect, singular, third-person], hemos calumniado [present, perfect, plural, first-person], habéis calumniado [present, perfect, plural, second-person], han calumniado [present, perfect, plural, third-person], había calumniado [pluperfect, singular, first-person], habías calumniado [pluperfect, singular, second-person], había calumniado [pluperfect, singular, third-person], habíamos calumniado [pluperfect, plural, first-person], habíais calumniado [pluperfect, plural, second-person], habían calumniado [pluperfect, plural, third-person], hube calumniado [past, anterior, singular, first-person], hubiste calumniado [past, anterior, singular, second-person], hubo calumniado [past, anterior, singular, third-person], hubimos calumniado [past, anterior, plural, first-person], hubisteis calumniado [past, anterior, plural, second-person], hubieron calumniado [past, anterior, plural, third-person], habré calumniado [future, perfect, singular, first-person], habrás calumniado [future, perfect, singular, second-person], habrá calumniado [future, perfect, singular, third-person], habremos calumniado [future, perfect, plural, first-person], habréis calumniado [future, perfect, plural, second-person], habrán calumniado [future, perfect, plural, third-person], habría calumniado [conditional, perfect, singular, first-person], habrías calumniado [conditional, perfect, singular, second-person], habría calumniado [conditional, perfect, singular, third-person], habríamos calumniado [conditional, perfect, plural, first-person], habríais calumniado [conditional, perfect, plural, second-person], habrían calumniado [conditional, perfect, plural, third-person], calumnie [present, singular, first-person], calumnies^(tú) [present, singular, second-person], calumniésᵛᵒˢ² [present, singular, second-person], calumnie [present, singular, third-person], calumniemos [present, plural, first-person], calumniéis [present, plural, second-person], calumnien [present, plural, third-person], calumniara [past, imperfect, singular, first-person], calumniaras [past, imperfect, singular, second-person], calumniara [past, imperfect, singular, third-person], calumniáramos [past, imperfect, plural, first-person], calumniarais [past, imperfect, plural, second-person], calumniaran [past, imperfect, plural, third-person], calumniare [singular, first-person], calumniares [singular, second-person], calumniare [singular, third-person], calumniáremos [plural, first-person], calumniareis [plural, second-person], calumniaren [plural, third-person], haya calumniado [present, perfect, singular, first-person], hayas^(tú) calumniado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], hayásᵛᵒˢ² calumniado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], haya calumniado [present, perfect, singular, third-person], hayamos calumniado [present, perfect, plural, first-person], hayáis calumniado [present, perfect, plural, second-person], hayan calumniado [present, perfect, plural, third-person], hubiera calumniado [pluperfect, singular, first-person], hubieras calumniado [pluperfect, singular, second-person], hubiera calumniado [pluperfect, singular, third-person], hubiéramos calumniado [pluperfect, plural, first-person], hubierais calumniado [pluperfect, plural, second-person], hubieran calumniado [pluperfect, plural, third-person], hubiere calumniado [future, singular, first-person], hubieres calumniado [future, singular, second-person], hubiere calumniado [future, singular, third-person], hubiéremos calumniado [future, plural, first-person], hubiereis calumniado [future, plural, second-person], hubieren calumniado [future, plural, third-person], calumnia^(tú) [affirmative, singular, first-person], calumniáᵛᵒˢ [affirmative, singular, first-person], calumnie [affirmative, singular, second-person], calumniemos [affirmative, singular, third-person], calumniad [affirmative, plural, first-person], calumnien [affirmative, plural, second-person], Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo [negative, singular, first-person]
  1. Sense id: es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj8
  2. Sense id: es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj81 Categories (other): ES:Derecho
  3. Tags: outdated
    Sense id: es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj81 Categories (other): ES:Términos anticuados
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations: belasteren (Neerlandés), diffameren (Neerlandés), kwaadspreken (Neerlandés), roddelen (Neerlandés)

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras agudas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Verbos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Verbos transitivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español-Neerlandés",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "NL:Traducciones incompletas o imprecisas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "expansion": "Si puedes, incorpórala: ver cómo",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "calumniar",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haber calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniando",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habiendo calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnio",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnias^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniásᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnia",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniamos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnian",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniabas",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniábamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniabais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaban",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnié",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaste",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnió",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniasteis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaron",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaré",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarás",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniará",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaremos",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaréis",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarán",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarías",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaríamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaríais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarían",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "he calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "has calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ha calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hemos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habéis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "han calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habías calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habían calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hube calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiste calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubo calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubimos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubisteis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieron calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habré calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrás calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrá calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habremos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habréis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrán calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrías calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrían calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnies^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": " calumniésᵛᵒˢ²",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniemos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniéis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnien",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaras",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáramos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaran",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniares",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáremos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniareis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaren",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayas^(tú) calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayáis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayan calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieras calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéramos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubierais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieran calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieres calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéremos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiereis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieren calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnia^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniemos",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniad",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnien",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ca-lum-niar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj8",
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Derecho",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "id": "es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj81",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Derecho"
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Términos anticuados",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "id": "es-calumniar-es-verb-47DEQpj81",
      "sense_index": "3",
      "tags": [
        "outdated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka.lumˈnjaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "transitive"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "belasteren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "diffameren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "kwaadspreken"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "roddelen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "calumniar"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras agudas",
    "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
    "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
    "ES:Verbos",
    "ES:Verbos transitivos",
    "Español",
    "Español-Neerlandés",
    "NL:Traducciones incompletas o imprecisas"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "expansion": "Si puedes, incorpórala: ver cómo",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "calumniar",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haber calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniando",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habiendo calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnio",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnias^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniásᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnia",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniamos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnian",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniabas",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniábamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniabais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaban",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnié",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaste",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnió",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniasteis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaron",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaré",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarás",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniará",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaremos",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaréis",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarán",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarías",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaríamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaríais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarían",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "he calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "has calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ha calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hemos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habéis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "han calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habías calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habían calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hube calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiste calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubo calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubimos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubisteis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieron calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habré calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrás calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrá calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habremos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habréis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrán calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrías calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrían calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnies^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": " calumniésᵛᵒˢ²",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniemos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniéis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnien",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaras",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáramos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniarais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaran",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniares",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáremos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniareis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniaren",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayas^(tú) calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayamos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayáis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayan calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieras calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéramos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubierais calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieran calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieres calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéremos calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiereis calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieren calumniado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnia^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniáᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnie",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniemos",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumniad",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calumnien",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ca-lum-niar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Derecho"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Derecho"
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Términos anticuados"
      ],
      "sense_index": "3",
      "tags": [
        "outdated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka.lumˈnjaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "transitive"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "belasteren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "diffameren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "kwaadspreken"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Neerlandés",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "roddelen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "calumniar"
}

Download raw JSONL data for calumniar meaning in Español (12.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
  "msg": "Unprocessed section: relacionados",
  "path": [
    "calumniar"
  ],
  "section": "Español",
  "subsection": "relacionados",
  "title": "calumniar",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Español dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-18 from the eswiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (681a778 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.