Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

low/English/verb

1: low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Fala translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lak translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "lágr", "4": "", "5": "low"}, "expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lēgaz", "4": "", "5": "lying, flat, situated near the ground, low"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to lie"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "laich", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "leeg", "3": "", "4": "low, feeble, bad"}, "expansion": "Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lav", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "lágur", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Icelandic lágur (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "leech", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leeg"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leeg", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "laag", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "läg", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "German läg (“low”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).\nCognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1654 (edition of 1762), Andrew Gray, The Works of … Andrew Gray [Edited by R. Trail and J. Stirling], page 112", "text": "I shall only say this, that all the other graces must low the sail to faith, and so it is faith must carry us through, being that last triumphing grace, […]"}, {"ref": "1661 (edition of 1885), Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica: … Vanity of Dogmatizing, page 85", "text": "Now to use these as Hypotheseis, as himself in his Word, is pleas'd to low himself to our capacities, is allowable:"}, {"ref": "1790, Andrew Shirrefs, Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, page 219:", "text": "The merry fowks that were the ben, / By this time 'gan to low their strain", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1807, James Ruickbie, The Way-side Cottager; … Miscellaneous Poems, page 178:", "text": "She was quite free of bad inventions, / But was a bitch o high pretenfions, / For the grit folk o' a dimensions, / Ran for her breed; / Dog-officers may low their pensions, / Since Venie's dead, 'Twas past the art o'man to cure her, / […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1899 May 6, Shetland News:", "text": "Dat 'ill be somtin' ta hise an' low wi' a ütterly breeze.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To lower; to make low."], "links": [["lower", "lower"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete, transitive) To lower; to make low."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈloː]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}
1: low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "logi", "4": "", "5": "fire, flame, sword"}, "expansion": "Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lugô", "4": "", "5": "flame, blaze"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*lewk-", "4": "", "5": "light"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "logi", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Icelandic logi (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "låga", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Swedish låga (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lue", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Danish lue (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Lohe", "3": "", "4": "blaze, flames"}, "expansion": "German Lohe (“blaze, flames”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leag", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "līeġ", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame, lightning"}, "expansion": "Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).\nCognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "lowe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23", "text": "Driest wood will eithest low,"}, {"ref": "1785, Robert Burns, The Jolly Beggars:", "text": "They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,\n To quench their lowan drouth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:", "text": "[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:", "text": "Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:", "text": "The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To burn; to blaze."], "links": [["burn", "burn"], ["blaze", "blaze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze."], "tags": ["Scotland", "UK", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}
1: low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lough"}, "expansion": "Middle English lough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlōh"}, "expansion": "Old English hlōh", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lough, from Old English hlōh, first and third person singular preterite of hliehhan (“to laugh”). More at laugh.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "low", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"form_of": [{"word": "laugh"}], "glosses": ["simple past of laugh."], "links": [["laugh", "laugh#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) simple past of laugh."], "tags": ["form-of", "obsolete", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}
1: low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowen", "4": "", "5": "to low"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowen (“to low”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlōwan", "4": "", "5": "to low, bellow, roar"}, "expansion": "Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hlōaną", "4": "", "5": "to call, shout"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlōaną (“to call, shout”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*kelh₁-", "4": "", "5": "to call"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "loeien", "3": "", "4": "to low"}, "expansion": "Dutch loeien (“to low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "lüejen", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "lumma", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Swedish lumma (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "calō", "3": "", "4": "I call"}, "expansion": "Latin calō (“I call”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "καλέω"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "clāmō", "3": "", "4": "I shout, claim"}, "expansion": "Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowen (“to low”), from Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”), from Proto-Germanic *hlōaną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”).\nCognate with Dutch loeien (“to low”), Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”), dialectal Swedish lumma (“to roar”), Latin calō (“I call”), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”). More at claim.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cattle were lowing.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1726, Jonathan Swift, “The Lamentations of Glumdalclitch for the Loss of Grildrig”, in Gulliver's Travels, A Voyage to Brobdingnag:", "text": "In peals of thunder now she roars--and now / She gently whimpers like a lowing cow", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1750, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", "text": "The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea."}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “The Honourable Mr. Glascock”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 107:", "text": "It would have been a great privilege to be the mistress of an old time-honoured mansion, to call oaks and elms her own, to know that acres of gardens were submitted to her caprices, to look at herds of cows and oxen, and be aware that they lowed on her own pastures.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To moo."], "links": [["moo", "moo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To moo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}
1: low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 6, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "allow"}, "expansion": "Aphetic form of allow", "name": "aphetic form"}], "etymology_text": "Aphetic form of allow.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"word": "'low"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 'low"], "links": [["'low", "'low#English"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/laʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation", "US"]}, {"rhymes": "-aʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root legʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Fala translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lak translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "legʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "lágr", "4": "", "5": "low"}, "expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "lēgaz", "4": "", "5": "lying, flat, situated near the ground, low"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "legʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to lie"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European legʰ- (“to lie”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "laich", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "leeg", "3": "", "4": "low, feeble, bad"}, "expansion": "Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lav", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "lágur", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Icelandic lágur (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "leech", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leeg"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leeg", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "laag", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "läg", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "German läg (“low”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European legʰ- (“to lie”).\nCognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1654 (edition of 1762), Andrew Gray, The Works of … Andrew Gray [Edited by R. Trail and J. Stirling], page 112", "text": "I shall only say this, that all the other graces must low the sail to faith, and so it is faith must carry us through, being that last triumphing grace, […]"}, {"ref": "1661 (edition of 1885), Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica: … Vanity of Dogmatizing, page 85", "text": "Now to use these as Hypotheseis, as himself in his Word, is pleas'd to low himself to our capacities, is allowable:"}, {"ref": "1790, Andrew Shirrefs, Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, page 219:", "text": "The merry fowks that were the ben, / By this time 'gan to low their strain", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1807, James Ruickbie, The Way-side Cottager; … Miscellaneous Poems, page 178:", "text": "She was quite free of bad inventions, / But was a bitch o high pretenfions, / For the grit folk o' a dimensions, / Ran for her breed; / Dog-officers may low their pensions, / Since Venie's dead, 'Twas past the art o'man to cure her, / […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1899 May 6, Shetland News:", "text": "Dat 'ill be somtin' ta hise an' low wi' a ütterly breeze.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To lower; to make low."], "links": [["lower", "lower"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete, transitive) To lower; to make low."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈloː]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low (English verb) low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Fala translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lak translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "lágr", "4": "", "5": "low"}, "expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lēgaz", "4": "", "5": "lying, flat, situated near the ground, low"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to lie"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "laich", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "leeg", "3": "", "4": "low, feeble, bad"}, "expansion": "Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lav", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "lágur", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Icelandic lágur (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "leech", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leeg"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leeg", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "laag", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "läg", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "German läg (“low”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).\nCognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1654 (edition of 1762), Andrew Gray, The Works of … Andrew Gray [Edited by R. Trail and J. Stirling], page 112", "text": "I shall only say this, that all the other graces must low the sail to faith, and so it is faith must carry us through, being that last triumphing grace, […]"}, {"ref": "1661 (edition of 1885), Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica: … Vanity of Dogmatizing, page 85", "text": "Now to use these as Hypotheseis, as himself in his Word, is pleas'd to low himself to our capacities, is allowable:"}, {"ref": "1790, Andrew Shirrefs, Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, page 219:", "text": "The merry fowks that were the ben, / By this time 'gan to low their strain", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1807, James Ruickbie, The Way-side Cottager; … Miscellaneous Poems, page 178:", "text": "She was quite free of bad inventions, / But was a bitch o high pretenfions, / For the grit folk o' a dimensions, / Ran for her breed; / Dog-officers may low their pensions, / Since Venie's dead, 'Twas past the art o'man to cure her, / […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1899 May 6, Shetland News:", "text": "Dat 'ill be somtin' ta hise an' low wi' a ütterly breeze.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To lower; to make low."], "links": [["lower", "lower"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete, transitive) To lower; to make low."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈloː]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "logi", "4": "", "5": "fire, flame, sword"}, "expansion": "Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "lugô", "4": "", "5": "flame, blaze"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic lugô (“flame, blaze”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "lewk-", "4": "", "5": "light"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European lewk- (“light”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "logi", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Icelandic logi (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "låga", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Swedish låga (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lue", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Danish lue (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Lohe", "3": "", "4": "blaze, flames"}, "expansion": "German Lohe (“blaze, flames”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leag", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "līeġ", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame, lightning"}, "expansion": "Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European lewk- (“light”).\nCognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "lowe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23", "text": "Driest wood will eithest low,"}, {"ref": "1785, Robert Burns, The Jolly Beggars:", "text": "They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,\n To quench their lowan drouth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:", "text": "[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:", "text": "Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:", "text": "The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To burn; to blaze."], "links": [["burn", "burn"], ["blaze", "blaze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze."], "tags": ["Scotland", "UK", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}

low (English verb) low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "logi", "4": "", "5": "fire, flame, sword"}, "expansion": "Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lugô", "4": "", "5": "flame, blaze"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*lewk-", "4": "", "5": "light"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "logi", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Icelandic logi (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "låga", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Swedish låga (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lue", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Danish lue (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Lohe", "3": "", "4": "blaze, flames"}, "expansion": "German Lohe (“blaze, flames”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leag", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "līeġ", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame, lightning"}, "expansion": "Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).\nCognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "lowe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23", "text": "Driest wood will eithest low,"}, {"ref": "1785, Robert Burns, The Jolly Beggars:", "text": "They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,\n To quench their lowan drouth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:", "text": "[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:", "text": "Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:", "text": "The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To burn; to blaze."], "links": [["burn", "burn"], ["blaze", "blaze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze."], "tags": ["Scotland", "UK", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}

low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lough"}, "expansion": "Middle English lough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlōh"}, "expansion": "Old English hlōh", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lough, from Old English hlōh, first and third person singular preterite of hliehhan (“to laugh”). More at laugh.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "low", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"form_of": [{"word": "laugh"}], "glosses": ["simple past of laugh."], "links": [["laugh", "laugh#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) simple past of laugh."], "tags": ["form-of", "obsolete", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}

low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowen", "4": "", "5": "to low"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowen (“to low”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlōwan", "4": "", "5": "to low, bellow, roar"}, "expansion": "Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "hlōaną", "4": "", "5": "to call, shout"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic hlōaną (“to call, shout”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "kelh₁-", "4": "", "5": "to call"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European kelh₁- (“to call”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "loeien", "3": "", "4": "to low"}, "expansion": "Dutch loeien (“to low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "lüejen", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "lumma", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Swedish lumma (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "calō", "3": "", "4": "I call"}, "expansion": "Latin calō (“I call”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "καλέω"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "clāmō", "3": "", "4": "I shout, claim"}, "expansion": "Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowen (“to low”), from Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”), from Proto-Germanic hlōaną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European kelh₁- (“to call”).\nCognate with Dutch loeien (“to low”), Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”), dialectal Swedish lumma (“to roar”), Latin calō (“I call”), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”). More at claim.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cattle were lowing.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1726, Jonathan Swift, “The Lamentations of Glumdalclitch for the Loss of Grildrig”, in Gulliver's Travels, A Voyage to Brobdingnag:", "text": "In peals of thunder now she roars--and now / She gently whimpers like a lowing cow", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1750, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", "text": "The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea."}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “The Honourable Mr. Glascock”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 107:", "text": "It would have been a great privilege to be the mistress of an old time-honoured mansion, to call oaks and elms her own, to know that acres of gardens were submitted to her caprices, to look at herds of cows and oxen, and be aware that they lowed on her own pastures.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To moo."], "links": [["moo", "moo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To moo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low (English verb) low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowen", "4": "", "5": "to low"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowen (“to low”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlōwan", "4": "", "5": "to low, bellow, roar"}, "expansion": "Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hlōaną", "4": "", "5": "to call, shout"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlōaną (“to call, shout”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*kelh₁-", "4": "", "5": "to call"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "loeien", "3": "", "4": "to low"}, "expansion": "Dutch loeien (“to low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "lüejen", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "lumma", "3": "", "4": "to roar"}, "expansion": "Swedish lumma (“to roar”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "calō", "3": "", "4": "I call"}, "expansion": "Latin calō (“I call”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "καλέω"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "clāmō", "3": "", "4": "I shout, claim"}, "expansion": "Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowen (“to low”), from Old English hlōwan (“to low, bellow, roar”), from Proto-Germanic *hlōaną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”).\nCognate with Dutch loeien (“to low”), Middle High German lüejen (“to roar”), dialectal Swedish lumma (“to roar”), Latin calō (“I call”), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), Latin clāmō (“I shout, claim”). More at claim.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cattle were lowing.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1726, Jonathan Swift, “The Lamentations of Glumdalclitch for the Loss of Grildrig”, in Gulliver's Travels, A Voyage to Brobdingnag:", "text": "In peals of thunder now she roars--and now / She gently whimpers like a lowing cow", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1750, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", "text": "The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea."}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “The Honourable Mr. Glascock”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 107:", "text": "It would have been a great privilege to be the mistress of an old time-honoured mansion, to call oaks and elms her own, to know that acres of gardens were submitted to her caprices, to look at herds of cows and oxen, and be aware that they lowed on her own pastures.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To moo."], "links": [["moo", "moo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To moo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 6, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "allow"}, "expansion": "Aphetic form of allow", "name": "aphetic form"}], "etymology_text": "Aphetic form of allow.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "lowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "lowed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"word": "'low"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 'low"], "links": [["'low", "'low#English"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/laʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation", "US"]}, {"rhymes": "-aʊ"}], "word": "low"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.