Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

low/English/noun

Return to 'Debug messages subpage 2569'

low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Fala translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lak translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "derived": [{"word": "Aleutian Low"}, {"word": "all-time low"}, {"word": "Arctic low"}, {"word": "cold-core low"}, {"word": "cold low"}, {"word": "Genoa low"}, {"word": "heat low"}, {"word": "hybrid low"}, {"word": "Icelandic Low"}, {"word": "Kona low"}, {"word": "logic low"}, {"word": "polar low"}, {"word": "thermal low"}, {"word": "upper-level low"}, {"word": "wake low"}, {"word": "warm-core low"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "lágr", "4": "", "5": "low"}, "expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lēgaz", "4": "", "5": "lying, flat, situated near the ground, low"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to lie"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "laich", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "leeg", "3": "", "4": "low, feeble, bad"}, "expansion": "Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lav", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "lágur", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Icelandic lágur (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "leech", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leeg"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leeg", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "laag", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "läg", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "German läg (“low”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).\nCognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You have achieved a new low in behavior, Frank.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Economic growth has hit a new low.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Unemployment has reached a ten-year low."}, {"ref": "2020 December 2, Anthony Lambert, “Reimagining Railway Stations”, in Rail, page 38:", "text": "During the 1960s and 1970s, when both the quality of architecture and the appreciation of historic buildings reached an all-time low, British Railways was notorious for replacing good station buildings and canopies with little more than bus shelters, usually in conjunction with de-staffing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2022 November 4, Fiona Harvey, “UN chief warns ‘we will be doomed’ without historic climate pact”, in The Guardian:", "text": "He also called for the US and China to rebuild their fractured relationship, which has plunged to new lows this year, but which Guterres said was “crucial” to climate action.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc)."], "links": [["nadir", "nadir"], ["minimum", "minimum"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Today's low was 32 °F."}], "glosses": ["A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc).", "The minimum atmospheric temperature recorded at a particular location, especially during one 24-hour period."], "links": [["nadir", "nadir"], ["minimum", "minimum"], ["temperature", "temperature"]]}, {"examples": [{"text": "He is in a low right now. the highs and lows of bipolar disorder"}], "glosses": ["A period of depression; a depressed mood or situation."], "links": [["depression", "depression"], ["depressed", "depressed"], ["mood", "mood"], ["situation", "situation"]]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Meteorology"], "examples": [{"text": "A deep low is centred over the British Isles.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An area of low pressure; a depression."], "links": [["meteorology", "meteorology"], ["area", "area"], ["pressure", "pressure"], ["depression", "depression"]], "raw_glosses": ["(meteorology, informal) An area of low pressure; a depression."], "tags": ["informal"], "topics": ["climatology", "meteorology", "natural-sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Shift out of low before the car gets to eight miles per hour.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["The lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system, especially of an automotive vehicle."], "links": [["vehicle", "vehicle"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Card games"], "glosses": ["The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn."], "links": [["card game", "card game"], ["trump", "trump"], ["deuce", "deuce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(card games) The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn."], "topics": ["card-games", "games"]}, {"categories": ["English slang", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He got the brand new Yankees jersey for the low.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A cheap, cost-efficient, or advantageous price."], "links": [["price", "price"]], "raw_glosses": ["(slang, usually accompanied by \"the\") A cheap, cost-efficient, or advantageous price."], "raw_tags": ["accompanied by \"the\""], "tags": ["slang", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈloː]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "malaltejo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "something that is low", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chamiló", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "χαμηλό"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "nadír", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ναδίρ"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågvattenmärke"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "uninie", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "униние"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "word": "alakulo"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "dépression"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bajón"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lagedrukgebied"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "depressie"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "area of low pressure", "word": "matala"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "area of low pressure", "word": "matalapaine"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "dépression"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "basse pression"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Tief"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Tiefdruckgebiet"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chamiló", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "χαμηλό"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lágþrýstisvæði"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågtrykksområde"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lavtrykk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågtrykk"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pǎrva skorost", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "първа скорост"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "ykkönen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "ykkösvaihde"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "première"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "próti", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "πρώτη"}], "word": "low"}

low (English noun) low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Fala translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lak translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "derived": [{"word": "Aleutian Low"}, {"word": "all-time low"}, {"word": "Arctic low"}, {"word": "cold-core low"}, {"word": "cold low"}, {"word": "Genoa low"}, {"word": "heat low"}, {"word": "hybrid low"}, {"word": "Icelandic Low"}, {"word": "Kona low"}, {"word": "logic low"}, {"word": "polar low"}, {"word": "thermal low"}, {"word": "upper-level low"}, {"word": "wake low"}, {"word": "warm-core low"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "lágr", "4": "", "5": "low"}, "expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lēgaz", "4": "", "5": "lying, flat, situated near the ground, low"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*legʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to lie"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "laich", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "leeg", "3": "", "4": "low, feeble, bad"}, "expansion": "Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lav", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "lágur", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Icelandic lágur (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "leech", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leeg"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leeg", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "laag", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "läg", "3": "", "4": "low"}, "expansion": "German läg (“low”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).\nCognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You have achieved a new low in behavior, Frank.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Economic growth has hit a new low.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Unemployment has reached a ten-year low."}, {"ref": "2020 December 2, Anthony Lambert, “Reimagining Railway Stations”, in Rail, page 38:", "text": "During the 1960s and 1970s, when both the quality of architecture and the appreciation of historic buildings reached an all-time low, British Railways was notorious for replacing good station buildings and canopies with little more than bus shelters, usually in conjunction with de-staffing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2022 November 4, Fiona Harvey, “UN chief warns ‘we will be doomed’ without historic climate pact”, in The Guardian:", "text": "He also called for the US and China to rebuild their fractured relationship, which has plunged to new lows this year, but which Guterres said was “crucial” to climate action.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc)."], "links": [["nadir", "nadir"], ["minimum", "minimum"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Today's low was 32 °F."}], "glosses": ["A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc).", "The minimum atmospheric temperature recorded at a particular location, especially during one 24-hour period."], "links": [["nadir", "nadir"], ["minimum", "minimum"], ["temperature", "temperature"]]}, {"examples": [{"text": "He is in a low right now. the highs and lows of bipolar disorder"}], "glosses": ["A period of depression; a depressed mood or situation."], "links": [["depression", "depression"], ["depressed", "depressed"], ["mood", "mood"], ["situation", "situation"]]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Meteorology"], "examples": [{"text": "A deep low is centred over the British Isles.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An area of low pressure; a depression."], "links": [["meteorology", "meteorology"], ["area", "area"], ["pressure", "pressure"], ["depression", "depression"]], "raw_glosses": ["(meteorology, informal) An area of low pressure; a depression."], "tags": ["informal"], "topics": ["climatology", "meteorology", "natural-sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Shift out of low before the car gets to eight miles per hour.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["The lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system, especially of an automotive vehicle."], "links": [["vehicle", "vehicle"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Card games"], "glosses": ["The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn."], "links": [["card game", "card game"], ["trump", "trump"], ["deuce", "deuce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(card games) The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn."], "topics": ["card-games", "games"]}, {"categories": ["English slang", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He got the brand new Yankees jersey for the low.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A cheap, cost-efficient, or advantageous price."], "links": [["price", "price"]], "raw_glosses": ["(slang, usually accompanied by \"the\") A cheap, cost-efficient, or advantageous price."], "raw_tags": ["accompanied by \"the\""], "tags": ["slang", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈloʊ/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈloː]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "malaltejo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "something that is low", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chamiló", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "χαμηλό"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "nadír", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ναδίρ"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "something that is low", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågvattenmärke"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "uninie", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "униние"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "word": "alakulo"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "dépression"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "depressed mood or situation", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bajón"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lagedrukgebied"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "depressie"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "area of low pressure", "word": "matala"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "area of low pressure", "word": "matalapaine"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "dépression"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "basse pression"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Tief"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Tiefdruckgebiet"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chamiló", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "χαμηλό"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lágþrýstisvæði"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågtrykksområde"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lavtrykk"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "area of low pressure", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "lågtrykk"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pǎrva skorost", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "първа скорост"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "ykkönen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "word": "ykkösvaihde"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "première"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "próti", "sense": "lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "πρώτη"}], "word": "low"}

low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "logi", "4": "", "5": "fire, flame, sword"}, "expansion": "Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lugô", "4": "", "5": "flame, blaze"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*lewk-", "4": "", "5": "light"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "logi", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Icelandic logi (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "låga", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Swedish låga (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lue", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Danish lue (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Lohe", "3": "", "4": "blaze, flames"}, "expansion": "German Lohe (“blaze, flames”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leag", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "līeġ", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame, lightning"}, "expansion": "Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).\nCognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "lowe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 85:", "text": "She was, as one of them expressed himself, in a light low (bright flame) when they observed a king's ship, with her colours up, heave in sight from behind the cape. The guns of the burning vessel discharged themselves […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1843, John Wilson, The Noctes Ambrosianœ of \"Blackwood\"., page 478:", "text": "A boy fell aff his chair a' in a low, for the discharge had set him on fire […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Mr. Yorke (continued)”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[…] and he was sure to light of a verse blazing wi' a blue brimstone low that set all straight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 19:", "text": "And methought the whole world was lighted in a lowe, and with a great cry I awoke out of the dream.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A flame; fire; blaze."], "links": [["flame", "flame"], ["fire", "fire"], ["blaze", "blaze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK, Scotland, dialect) A flame; fire; blaze."], "tags": ["Scotland", "UK", "countable", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}

low (English noun) low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "lowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English lowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "logi", "4": "", "5": "fire, flame, sword"}, "expansion": "Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*lugô", "4": "", "5": "flame, blaze"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*lewk-", "4": "", "5": "light"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "logi", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Icelandic logi (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "låga", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Swedish låga (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "lue", "3": "", "4": "flame"}, "expansion": "Danish lue (“flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Lohe", "3": "", "4": "blaze, flames"}, "expansion": "German Lohe (“blaze, flames”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "frr", "2": "leag", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame"}, "expansion": "North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "līeġ", "3": "", "4": "fire, flame, lightning"}, "expansion": "Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).\nCognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "lowe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 85:", "text": "She was, as one of them expressed himself, in a light low (bright flame) when they observed a king's ship, with her colours up, heave in sight from behind the cape. The guns of the burning vessel discharged themselves […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1843, John Wilson, The Noctes Ambrosianœ of \"Blackwood\"., page 478:", "text": "A boy fell aff his chair a' in a low, for the discharge had set him on fire […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Mr. Yorke (continued)”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[…] and he was sure to light of a verse blazing wi' a blue brimstone low that set all straight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 19:", "text": "And methought the whole world was lighted in a lowe, and with a great cry I awoke out of the dream.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A flame; fire; blaze."], "links": [["flame", "flame"], ["fire", "fire"], ["blaze", "blaze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK, Scotland, dialect) A flame; fire; blaze."], "tags": ["Scotland", "UK", "countable", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}], "word": "low"}

low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline)", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*ḱley-", "id": "incline"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlāw"}, "expansion": "Old English hlāw", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hlaiw", "id": "barrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Old English hlāw, hlǣw (“burial mound”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw. Obsolete by the 19th century, survives in toponymy as -low.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "lawe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1686, Robert Plot, The natural history of Staffordshire:", "text": "A barrow or Low, such as were usually cast up over the bodies of eminent Captains.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Barrow, mound, tumulus."], "links": [["Barrow", "barrow"], ["mound", "mound"], ["tumulus", "tumulus"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic or obsolete) Barrow, mound, tumulus."], "senseid": ["en:mound"], "tags": ["archaic", "obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1847, Mary Howitt, Ballads and other poems:", "text": "And some they brought the brown lint-seed, and flung it down from the Low.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A hill."], "raw_glosses": ["(Scottish dialectal, archaic) A hill."], "tags": ["Scottish", "archaic", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

low (English noun) low/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English 3-letter words", "English aphetic forms", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline)", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊ", "Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Fire", "en:Size"], "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*ḱley-", "id": "incline"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hlāw"}, "expansion": "Old English hlāw", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hlaiw", "id": "barrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Old English hlāw, hlǣw (“burial mound”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw. Obsolete by the 19th century, survives in toponymy as -low.", "forms": [{"form": "lows", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "lawe", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "low (plural lows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1686, Robert Plot, The natural history of Staffordshire:", "text": "A barrow or Low, such as were usually cast up over the bodies of eminent Captains.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Barrow, mound, tumulus."], "links": [["Barrow", "barrow"], ["mound", "mound"], ["tumulus", "tumulus"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic or obsolete) Barrow, mound, tumulus."], "senseid": ["en:mound"], "tags": ["archaic", "obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1847, Mary Howitt, Ballads and other poems:", "text": "And some they brought the brown lint-seed, and flung it down from the Low.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A hill."], "raw_glosses": ["(Scottish dialectal, archaic) A hill."], "tags": ["Scottish", "archaic", "dialectal"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ləʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/loʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-low.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg/En-us-low.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-low.ogg"}, {"homophone": "lo"}, {"homophone": "Lowe"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "word": "low"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.