Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

ground/English/verb

1: ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}
1: ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}
1: ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}
1: ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation 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with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

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with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": 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Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground (English verb) ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with 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translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

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Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "grounding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "grounded", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["American English", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:", "text": "These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can become a hazard when they flow through conducting infrastructure, usually entering and exiting networks where equipment is grounded to Earth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "links": [["connect", "connect"], ["electrical", "electrical"], ["ground", "#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground."], "synonyms": [{"word": "earth"}], "tags": ["US"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English"], "glosses": ["To electrocute."], "links": [["electrocute", "electrocute"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Philippines) To electrocute."], "tags": ["Philippines"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "My kids are currently grounded from television.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "links": [["punish", "punish"], ["child", "child"], ["teenager", "teenager"], ["forcing", "force"], ["home", "home"], ["privilege", "privilege"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges."], "synonyms": [{"word": "gate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "links": [["forbid", "forbid"], ["aircraft", "aircraft"], ["fly", "fly"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Jim was grounded in maths.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles."], "links": [["basic", "basic"], ["education", "education"], ["element", "element"], ["first principles", "first principles"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) To place a bat or part of the body on the ground to avoid being run out."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Baseball"], "examples": [{"ref": "2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:", "text": "[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:", "text": "The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "links": [["baseball", "baseball"], ["ground ball", "ground ball#English"], ["fly", "fly"], ["line", "line"]], "raw_glosses": ["(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb)."], "topics": ["ball-games", "baseball", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["To place something on the ground."], "links": [["place", "place"], ["something", "something"], ["ground", "#Noun"]]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The ship grounded on the bar.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "links": [["run aground", "run aground"], ["strike", "strike"], ["bottom", "bottom"], ["fixed", "fixed"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:17:", "text": "being rooted and grounded in love", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:", "text": "So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly."], "links": [["found", "found"], ["fix", "fix"], ["set", "set"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["reason", "reason"], ["principle", "principle"], ["furnish", "furnish"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"glosses": ["To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."], "links": [["cover", "cover"], ["ground", "#Noun"], ["etch", "etch"], ["preparation", "preparation"], ["ornament", "ornament"]], "qualifier": "fine arts", "raw_glosses": ["(fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground myself with meditation.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of."], "links": [["improve", "improve"], ["focus", "focus"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Machine learning"], "examples": [{"ref": "2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):", "text": "We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."], "links": [["machine learning", "machine learning"], ["model", "model"]], "qualifier": "machine learning", "raw_glosses": ["(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "translations": [{"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmaq qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmağı qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "evdən çıxmasını qadağan etmək"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "dát domácí vězení"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "huisarrest geven"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää kotiarestiin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "pistää arestiin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "gronder"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "punir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "Hausarrest geben"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "force to stay at home", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "szobafogságra ítél"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "punish", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "megbüntet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetést ad"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "forbid", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "büntetésből eltilt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "deixar de castigo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "castigar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge husarrest"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to require a child to remain at home", "word": "ge utegångsförbud"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "een vliegverbod opleggen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "määrätä lentokieltoon"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "clouer au sol"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "Startverbot erteilen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "repüléstől eltilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "felszállást letilt"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "nem enged felszállni"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "uziemić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "uziemiać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "belägga med flygförbud"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly", "word": "ställa på marken"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to gain a basic education of a particular subject", "word": "oppia perusteet"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground (English verb) ground/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "enm:Earth"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Inflected form of grind. See also milled.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb form"}, "expansion": "ground", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I ground the coffee up nicely.", "type": "example"}], "form_of": [{"word": "grind"}], "glosses": ["simple past and past participle of grind"], "links": [["grind", "grind#English"]], "tags": ["form-of", "participle", "past"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.