Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings
advocate/English/verb
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- 1: advocate/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Franconian translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "en:Law", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "advocater"}, {"word": "advocative"}, {"word": "hyperadvocate"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus"}, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "paraclete"}, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avocat", "4": "avouch", "5": "avow"}, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [{"form": "advocates", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "advocating", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [{"word": "advocacy"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\nTo advocate the cause of thy client."}, {"text": "16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated."}], "glosses": ["To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765:", "text": "Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 May 12, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-15:", "text": "Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn’t going to be around much longer, if he’s openly advocating others commit treason as well.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50:", "text": "Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To encourage support for something."], "links": [["encourage", "encourage"], ["support", "support"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To encourage support for something."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 June 3, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway”, in Rail, page 51:", "text": "And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To engage in advocacy."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy."], "raw_tags": ["with for"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."], "links": [["appeal", "appeal"], ["court", "court"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To call a case before itself for decision."], "links": [["case", "case"], ["decision", "decision"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision."], "raw_tags": ["in higher courts"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăd'və-kāt"}, {"ipa": "/ˈæd.və.keɪt/"}, {"audio": "en-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "حامى"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "رافع"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "ترافع"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "chàngdǎo", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡導 /倡导"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhǔzhāng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張 /主张"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tíchàng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "提倡"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǔchuī", "sense": "argue for", "word": "鼓吹"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kæmpe for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "argumentere for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "argue for", "word": "bepleiten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puolustaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puhua puolesta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plaider"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "avogar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "rekomendar"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "pledar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "raccomandare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "promuovere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "argue for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しゅちょうする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shuchō suru", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūwhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "hapahapai"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advogar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otstáivatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "отста́ивать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propagandírovatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "пропаганди́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vystupátʹ v zaščítu", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["with-genitive"], "word": "выступа́ть в защи́ту"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "argue for", "word": "zagovarjati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "recomendar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "förespråka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "أوصى ب"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zastǎpvam se za", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "застъпвам се за"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "gmw-cfr", "lang": "Central Franconian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aabeveële"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aanbevelen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "préconiser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "befürworten"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "difendere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "sostenere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しじする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shiji suru", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "支持する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "tautoko"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "encourage support for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "argumentar a favor"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "podpirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "abogar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "förespråka"}], "wikipedia": ["Advocate"], "word": "advocate"}
advocate/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Franconian translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "en:Law", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "advocater"}, {"word": "advocative"}, {"word": "hyperadvocate"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus"}, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "paraclete"}, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avocat", "4": "avouch", "5": "avow"}, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [{"form": "advocates", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "advocating", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [{"word": "advocacy"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\nTo advocate the cause of thy client."}, {"text": "16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated."}], "glosses": ["To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765:", "text": "Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 May 12, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-15:", "text": "Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn’t going to be around much longer, if he’s openly advocating others commit treason as well.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50:", "text": "Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To encourage support for something."], "links": [["encourage", "encourage"], ["support", "support"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To encourage support for something."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 June 3, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway”, in Rail, page 51:", "text": "And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To engage in advocacy."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy."], "raw_tags": ["with for"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."], "links": [["appeal", "appeal"], ["court", "court"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To call a case before itself for decision."], "links": [["case", "case"], ["decision", "decision"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision."], "raw_tags": ["in higher courts"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăd'və-kāt"}, {"ipa": "/ˈæd.və.keɪt/"}, {"audio": "en-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "حامى"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "رافع"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "ترافع"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "chàngdǎo", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡導 /倡导"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhǔzhāng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張 /主张"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tíchàng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "提倡"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǔchuī", "sense": "argue for", "word": "鼓吹"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kæmpe for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "argumentere for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "argue for", "word": "bepleiten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puolustaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puhua puolesta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plaider"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "avogar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "rekomendar"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "pledar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "raccomandare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "promuovere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "argue for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しゅちょうする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shuchō suru", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūwhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "hapahapai"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advogar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otstáivatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "отста́ивать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propagandírovatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "пропаганди́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vystupátʹ v zaščítu", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["with-genitive"], "word": "выступа́ть в защи́ту"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "argue for", "word": "zagovarjati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "recomendar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "förespråka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "أوصى ب"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zastǎpvam se za", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "застъпвам се за"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "gmw-cfr", "lang": "Central Franconian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aabeveële"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aanbevelen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "préconiser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "befürworten"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "difendere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "sostenere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しじする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shiji suru", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "支持する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "tautoko"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "encourage support for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "argumentar a favor"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "podpirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "abogar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "förespråka"}], "wikipedia": ["Advocate"], "word": "advocate"}
advocate (English verb)
advocate/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Franconian translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "en:Law", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "advocater"}, {"word": "advocative"}, {"word": "hyperadvocate"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat"}, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus"}, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "paraclete"}, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avocat", "4": "avouch", "5": "avow"}, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [{"form": "advocates", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "advocating", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "advocated", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [{"word": "advocacy"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\nTo advocate the cause of thy client."}, {"text": "16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated."}], "glosses": ["To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765:", "text": "Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2019 May 12, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-15:", "text": "Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn’t going to be around much longer, if he’s openly advocating others commit treason as well.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50:", "text": "Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To encourage support for something."], "links": [["encourage", "encourage"], ["support", "support"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To encourage support for something."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 June 3, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway”, in Rail, page 51:", "text": "And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To engage in advocacy."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy."], "raw_tags": ["with for"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."], "links": [["appeal", "appeal"], ["court", "court"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session."]}, {"categories": ["en:Scots law"], "glosses": ["To call a case before itself for decision."], "links": [["case", "case"], ["decision", "decision"]], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": ["(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision."], "raw_tags": ["in higher courts"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ăd'və-kāt"}, {"ipa": "/ˈæd.və.keɪt/"}, {"audio": "en-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "حامى"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "رافع"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "ترافع"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "chàngdǎo", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡導 /倡导"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhǔzhāng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張 /主张"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tíchàng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "提倡"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǔchuī", "sense": "argue for", "word": "鼓吹"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kæmpe for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "argumentere for"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "argue for", "word": "bepleiten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puolustaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puhua puolesta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plaider"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "avogar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "rekomendar"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "pledar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "raccomandare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "promuovere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "argue for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しゅちょうする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shuchō suru", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūwhana"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "hapahapai"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advogar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otstáivatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "отста́ивать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propagandírovatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "пропаганди́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vystupátʹ v zaščítu", "sense": "argue for", "tags": ["with-genitive"], "word": "выступа́ть в защи́ту"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "argue for", "word": "zagovarjati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "recomendar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "förespråka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "أوصى ب"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zastǎpvam se za", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "застъпвам се за"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "gmw-cfr", "lang": "Central Franconian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aabeveële"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "fortale"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aanbevelen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "kannattaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "préconiser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "verteidigen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "plädieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "befürworten"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "difendere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "sostenere"}, {"alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "説く"}, {"alt": "しじする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shiji suru", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "支持する"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "supersum"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "tautoko"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "encourage support for", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "adwokatować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "defender"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "argumentar a favor"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "podpirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "abogar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "förespråka"}], "wikipedia": ["Advocate"], "word": "advocate"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e).
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