hard (English verb) hard/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English manner adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d/1 syllable"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "harden"}, "expansion": "Middle English harden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "heardian", "t": "to become hard"}, "expansion": "Old English heardian (“to become hard”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hardēn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardēn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hardijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.", "forms": [{"form": "hards", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "harding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "hard (third-person singular simple present hards, present participle harding, simple past and past participle harded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1641, original 1618, Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas, Josuah Sylvester, Du Bartas His Diuine Weekes and Workes:", "text": "He knows vain men: he sees their harts that hard them In Guiles and Wiles, and will not hee regard them?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make hard, harden."], "links": [["harden", "harden"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, obsolete) To make hard, harden."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "häd", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑːd/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hard.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.ogg"}, {"enpr": "härd", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑɹd/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-hard.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg/En-us-hard.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"}], "word": "hard"}
hard (English verb) hard/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English manner adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d/1 syllable"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "harden"}, "expansion": "Middle English harden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "heardian", "t": "to become hard"}, "expansion": "Old English heardian (“to become hard”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hardēn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardēn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hardijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.", "forms": [{"form": "hards", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "harding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "hard (third-person singular simple present hards, present participle harding, simple past and past participle harded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1641, original 1618, Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas, Josuah Sylvester, Du Bartas His Diuine Weekes and Workes:", "text": "He knows vain men: he sees their harts that hard them In Guiles and Wiles, and will not hee regard them?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make hard, harden."], "links": [["harden", "harden"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, obsolete) To make hard, harden."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "häd", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑːd/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hard.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.ogg"}, {"enpr": "härd", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑɹd/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-hard.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg/En-us-hard.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"}], "word": "hard"}
hard (English verb) hard/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English manner adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d/1 syllable"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "harden"}, "expansion": "Middle English harden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "heardian", "t": "to become hard"}, "expansion": "Old English heardian (“to become hard”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hardēn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardēn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hardijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.", "forms": [{"form": "hards", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "harding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "hard (third-person singular simple present hards, present participle harding, simple past and past participle harded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1641, original 1618, Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas, Josuah Sylvester, Du Bartas His Diuine Weekes and Workes:", "text": "He knows vain men: he sees their harts that hard them In Guiles and Wiles, and will not hee regard them?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make hard, harden."], "links": [["harden", "harden"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, obsolete) To make hard, harden."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "häd", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑːd/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hard.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.ogg"}, {"enpr": "härd", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑɹd/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-hard.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg/En-us-hard.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"}], "word": "hard"}
hard (English verb) hard/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English manner adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d/1 syllable"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "harden"}, "expansion": "Middle English harden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "heardian", "t": "to become hard"}, "expansion": "Old English heardian (“to become hard”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hardēn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardēn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hardijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.", "forms": [{"form": "hards", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "harding", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "harded", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "hard (third-person singular simple present hards, present participle harding, simple past and past participle harded)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1641, original 1618, Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas, Josuah Sylvester, Du Bartas His Diuine Weekes and Workes:", "text": "He knows vain men: he sees their harts that hard them In Guiles and Wiles, and will not hee regard them?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make hard, harden."], "links": [["harden", "harden"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, obsolete) To make hard, harden."], "tags": ["obsolete", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "häd", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑːd/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hard.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hard.wav.ogg"}, {"enpr": "härd", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/hɑɹd/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-hard.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg/En-us-hard.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hard.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"}], "word": "hard"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.