近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
近 (Chinese character) 近/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 近", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Southern Pinghua adjectives", "Southern Pinghua adverbs", "Southern Pinghua hanzi", "Southern Pinghua lemmas", "Southern Pinghua verbs"], "derived": [{"roman": "bùjìn-rénqíng", "word": "不近人情"}, {"word": "不近情理"}, {"word": "不遠不近"}, {"word": "不远不近"}, {"word": "中近景"}, {"word": "假性近視"}, {"word": "假性近视"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "傅近"}, {"roman": "zuìjìn", "word": "最近"}, {"word": "凡近"}, {"roman": "qièjìn", "word": "切近"}, {"word": "四近"}, {"word": "大近視眼"}, {"word": "大近视眼"}, {"roman": "tàojìnhū", "word": "套近乎"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "將近"}, {"roman": "jiāngjìn", "word": "将近"}, {"roman": "jiùjìn", "word": "就近"}, {"roman": "zuǒjìn", "word": "左近"}, {"roman": "píngyìjìnrén", "word": "平易近人"}, {"word": "平易近民"}, {"word": "年近古稀"}, {"word": "年近花甲"}, {"roman": "jígōngjìnlì", "word": "急功近利"}, {"word": "急功近名"}, {"word": "性情相近"}, {"word": "思深語近"}, {"word": "思深语近"}, {"word": "恤近忽遠"}, {"word": "恤近忽远"}, {"word": "悅近來遠"}, {"word": "悦近来远"}, {"word": "愛遠惡近"}, {"word": "爱远恶近"}, {"roman": "chāo jìnlù", "word": "抄近路"}, {"word": "拉近"}, {"word": "拉近乎"}, {"roman": "āijìn", "word": "挨近"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"word": "捨近務遠"}, {"word": "舍近务远"}, {"word": "捨近即遠"}, {"word": "舍近即远"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "捨近求遠"}, {"roman": "shějìnqiúyuǎn", "word": "舍近求远"}, {"word": "料遠若近"}, {"word": "料远若近"}, {"roman": "xīnjìn", "word": "新近"}, {"word": "方近"}, {"word": "晚近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "淺近"}, {"roman": "qiǎnjìn", "word": "浅近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "湊近"}, {"roman": "còujìn", "word": "凑近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "漸近"}, {"roman": "jiànjìn", "word": "渐近"}, {"roman": "xiāngjìn", "word": "相近"}, {"word": "短視近利"}, {"word": "短视近利"}, {"word": "能近取譬"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "臨近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "临近"}, {"word": "舍近謀遠"}, {"word": "舍近谋远"}, {"word": "要近"}, {"word": "親疏遠近"}, {"word": "亲疏远近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"word": "言近指遠"}, {"word": "言近指远"}, {"word": "言近旨遠"}, {"word": "言近旨远"}, {"word": "貴近"}, {"word": "贵近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "貼近"}, {"roman": "tiējìn", "word": "贴近"}, {"word": "貴遠賤近"}, {"word": "贵远贱近"}, {"word": "貴遠鄙近"}, {"word": "贵远鄙近"}, {"roman": "zǒujìn", "word": "走近"}, {"word": "身遠心近"}, {"word": "身远心近"}, {"word": "近上"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近世"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "jìnrén", "word": "近人"}, {"roman": "jìndài", "word": "近代"}, {"roman": "jìnsì", "word": "近似"}, {"roman": "jìnzuò", "word": "近作"}, {"roman": "jìnsìzhí", "word": "近似值"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近侍"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近來"}, {"roman": "jìnlái", "word": "近来"}, {"roman": "jìnbiàn", "word": "近便"}, {"word": "近傍"}, {"roman": "jìnqián", "word": "近前"}, {"roman": "jìngǔ", "word": "近古"}, {"word": "近名"}, {"roman": "jìnyīn", "word": "近因"}, {"roman": "jìnzàizhǐchǐ", "word": "近在咫尺"}, {"word": "近在眉睫"}, {"word": "近在眼前"}, {"roman": "jìnnián", "word": "近年"}, {"word": "近思錄"}, {"word": "近思录"}, {"word": "近悅遠來"}, {"word": "近悦远来"}, {"word": "近情"}, {"word": "近情近理"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近憂"}, {"roman": "jìnyōu", "word": "近忧"}, {"word": "近房"}, {"word": "近攝鏡頭"}, {"word": "近摄镜头"}, {"word": "近支"}, {"word": "近新來"}, {"word": "近新来"}, {"roman": "jìnpáng", "word": "近旁"}, {"roman": "jìnrì", "word": "近日"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日點"}, {"roman": "jìnrìdiǎn", "word": "近日点"}, {"word": "近景"}, {"roman": "jìnqī", "word": "近期"}, {"word": "近朱近墨"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近東"}, {"roman": "Jìndōng", "word": "近东"}, {"word": "近歲"}, {"word": "近岁"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水樓臺"}, {"roman": "jìnshuǐlóutái", "word": "近水楼台"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近況"}, {"roman": "jìnkuàng", "word": "近况"}, {"roman": "jìnhǎi", "word": "近海"}, {"word": "近海漁業"}, {"word": "近海渔业"}, {"word": "近火先燋"}, {"word": "近焦攝影"}, {"word": "近焦摄影"}, {"roman": "jìnlǐ", "word": "近理"}, {"word": "近甸"}, {"roman": "jìnjī", "word": "近畿"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近視"}, {"roman": "jìnshì", "word": "近视"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近視眼"}, {"roman": "jìnshìyǎn", "word": "近视眼"}, {"word": "近程目標"}, {"word": "近程目标"}, {"word": "近習"}, {"word": "近习"}, {"roman": "jìnchén", "word": "近臣"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近處"}, {"roman": "jìnchù", "word": "近处"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近親"}, {"roman": "jìnqīn", "word": "近亲"}, {"word": "近觀"}, {"word": "近观"}, {"roman": "jìnjiāo", "word": "近郊"}, {"word": "近郊農業"}, {"word": "近郊农业"}, {"word": "近鄉情怯"}, {"word": "近乡情怯"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近鄰"}, {"roman": "jìnlín", "word": "近邻"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近體詩"}, {"roman": "jìntǐshī", "word": "近体诗"}, {"roman": "pòjìn", "word": "迫近"}, {"word": "週近"}, {"word": "周近"}, {"roman": "bījìn", "word": "逼近"}, {"word": "道近易從"}, {"word": "道近易从"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "遠交近攻"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjiāojìngōng", "word": "远交近攻"}, {"word": "遠愁近慮"}, {"word": "远愁近虑"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "遠近"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìn", "word": "远近"}, {"word": "遠近知名"}, {"word": "远近知名"}, {"word": "遠近聞名"}, {"word": "远近闻名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "遠近馳名"}, {"roman": "yuǎnjìnchímíng", "word": "远近驰名"}, {"word": "鄙近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "鄰近"}, {"roman": "línjìn", "word": "邻近"}, {"word": "鄰近色"}, {"word": "邻近色"}, {"roman": "fùjìn", "word": "附近"}, {"roman": "kàojìn", "word": "靠近"}, {"word": "鞭辟近裡"}, {"word": "馳名遠近"}, {"word": "驰名远近"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "辵", "2": "斤", "alt1": "辶", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "walk"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "Karlgren (1933)"}, "expansion": "Karlgren (1933)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "近"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "幾", "2": "imminent", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to come near to; to approach", "id": "2"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "近", "2": "to be near", "id": "1"}, "expansion": "近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "mkh-vie-pro", "2": "*t-kəɲ"}, "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "gần", "3": "", "4": "near"}, "expansion": "Vietnamese gần (“near”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.\nKarlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).\n近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).\nCompare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).", "forms": [{"form": "𣥍"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "近", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易遲到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "住越近越容易迟到。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近學校。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "My home is close to my school.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "我屋企好近学校。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of distances) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of distances"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "現在離春節越來越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "现在离春节越来越近了。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "There have been few good new songs in the past few years.", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹.", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["near; close"], "links": [["near", "near"], ["close", "close"]], "raw_glosses": ["(of time) near; close"], "raw_tags": ["of time"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "別跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Don't be too close with him.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "别跟他走得太近。", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["intimate; close (on affectionate terms)"], "links": [["intimate", "intimate"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "nearly one thousand people", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jìn qiān rén", "text": "近千人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "approaching forty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nián jìn sìshí", "text": "年近四十", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原", "roman": "Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to approach; to be close to"], "links": [["approach", "approach"], ["close", "close"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "淺近", "type": "example"}, {"english": "easy to understand", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qiǎnjìn", "text": "浅近", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["easy to understand"], "links": [["understand", "understand"]]}, {"categories": ["Wenzhounese Wu"], "glosses": ["to make a profit; to earn"], "links": [["profit", "profit"], ["earn", "earn"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Xi'an"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Nanjing"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "җин"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "žin"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Dongguan"], "zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Yangjiang"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "geng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gêng⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ging⁶"}, {"tags": ["Leizhou"], "zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jìn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jinn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзинь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czinʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gin"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jīn"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "káhn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gahn"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "kan⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ken⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gen⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"zh-pron": "gan³"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "kin¹"}, {"tags": ["Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"zh-pron": "kan²"}, {"zh-pron": "gan⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "qin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiun"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiûn"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "/ kiunˊ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiun¹"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^˖"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiun^ˋ"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "jing³"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gṳ̄ing"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gê̤ṳng"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gyng⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kūn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kun"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Lukang"]}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kinmen", "Singapore", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǔn"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Lukang"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kīn"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kin"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Tainan", "Yilan"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"]}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kǐrn"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kṳ̆ng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĕng"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kĭng"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"zh-pron": "gieng⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Southern-Pinghua"], "zh-pron": "gan⁵"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Southern-Pinghua"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶jin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "jin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jjin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "jin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nX"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gj+nH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡɯns/"}, {"other": "/ kǔn /"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰɐn²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɐn⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯un²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiun⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kyiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/køyŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kyŋ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kun³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kin²²/"}, {"other": "/ gêng⁶ /"}, {"other": "/ kĕng /"}, {"ipa": "/kɯŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/keŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kiŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kən²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*N-kərʔ/"}, {"other": "/*s-N-kərʔ-s/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯnʔ/"}, {"other": "/*ɡɯns/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "邇"}, {"word": "Beijing"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Jinan"}, {"word": "Xi'an"}, {"word": "Chengdu"}, {"word": "Wuhan"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Yangzhou"}, {"word": "Hefei"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Yangjiang"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Nanchang"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"word": "Taiyuan"}, {"word": "Jian'ou"}, {"word": "Fuzhou"}, {"word": "Xiamen"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Donghai, Chengxiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Jiangkou, Hanjiang", "word": "Putian"}, {"alt": "Nanri, Xiuyu", "word": "Putian"}, {"word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Fengting", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"alt": "Youyang", "word": "Xianyou"}, {"word": "Suzhou"}, {"word": "Wenzhou"}, {"word": "Changsha"}, {"word": "Shuangfeng"}, {"roman": "tóngqīn", "tags": ["figuratively", "literary"], "word": "同衾"}, {"english": "of dealings", "roman": "zhōumì", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "周密"}, {"roman": "mìqiè", "word": "密切"}, {"roman": "jiējìn", "word": "接近"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火熱"}, {"roman": "huǒrè", "word": "火热"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱和"}, {"roman": "rèhuo", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热和"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "熱火"}, {"roman": "rèhuǒ", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "热火"}, {"roman": "zhīxīn", "word": "知心"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "緊密"}, {"roman": "jǐnmì", "word": "紧密"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "親切"}, {"roman": "qīnqiè", "word": "亲切"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "親善"}, {"english": "of relations between countries", "roman": "qīnshàn", "word": "亲善"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "親密"}, {"roman": "qīnmì", "word": "亲密"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "親熱"}, {"roman": "qīnrè", "word": "亲热"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "親近"}, {"roman": "qīnjìn", "word": "亲近"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "貼己"}, {"roman": "tiējǐ", "word": "贴己"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "貼身"}, {"roman": "tiēshēn", "word": "贴身"}, {"roman": "jìnhu", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "近乎"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "過心"}, {"roman": "guòxīn", "tags": ["regional"], "word": "过心"}, {"word": "體己"}, {"word": "体己"}], "word": "近"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.