Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

sparrow/English/noun

1: sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}
1: sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}

sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic sparwō, from Proto-Germanic sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}

sparrow (English noun) sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}

sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic sparwō, from Proto-Germanic sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}

sparrow (English noun) sparrow/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Alviri-Vidari translations", "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations", "Requests for review of Basque translations", "Requests for review of Belarusian translations", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Chechen translations", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Galician translations", "Requests for review of Gallurese translations", "Requests for review of Icelandic translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Ladin translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations", "Requests for review of Low German translations", "Requests for review of Macedonian translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Northern Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Sassarese translations", "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations", "Requests for review of Slovene translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Taos translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Requests for review of West Frisian translations", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ", "Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alviri-Vidari translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dupaningan Agta translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Middle Armenian translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Old Armenian translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ubykh translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:True sparrows"], "derived": [{"word": "Bachman's sparrow"}, {"word": "Bell's sparrow"}, {"word": "Forbush's sparrow"}, {"word": "Harris's sparrow"}, {"word": "LeConte's sparrow"}, {"word": "Lincoln's sparrow"}, {"word": "olive sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrowhawk"}, {"word": "sparrowish"}, {"word": "sparrow-lark"}, {"word": "sparrowlark"}, {"word": "sparrowless"}, {"word": "sparrowlike"}, {"word": "sparrow mumbling"}, {"word": "sparrow owl"}, {"word": "sparrow-proof"}, {"word": "sparrow shot"}, {"word": "sparrows' wedding"}, {"word": "sparrow-weaver"}, {"word": "sparrow weaver"}, {"word": "sparrowwort"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sparwe"}, "expansion": "Middle English sparwe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "spearwa"}, "expansion": "Old English spearwa", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sparwō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sparwō", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sparwô"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sparwô", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spḗr", "4": "", "5": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "spreeuw", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Dutch spreeuw (“starling”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gsw", "2": "Spar", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Sperling", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "German Sperling (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Danish", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "spurv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "sporv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "sparv", "3": "", "4": "sparrow"}, "expansion": "Swedish sparv (“sparrow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "br", "2": "frao", "3": "", "4": "crow"}, "expansion": "Breton frao (“crow”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "xto", "2": "spārāñ"}, "expansion": "Tocharian A spārāñ", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "ψάρ", "3": "", "4": "starling"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sparwe, sparowe, from Old English spearwa, from Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow”).\nCognate with Dutch spreeuw (“starling”), Alemannic German Spar (“sparrow”), German Sperling (“sparrow”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål spurv (“sparrow”), Norwegian Nynorsk sporv (“sparrow”), Swedish sparv (“sparrow”), Breton frao (“crow”), Tocharian A spārāñ, Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”).", "forms": [{"form": "sparrows", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "sparrow (plural sparrows)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "American sparrow"}, {"word": "American tree sparrow"}, {"word": "barley sparrow"}, {"word": "Botteri's sparrow"}, {"word": "bush sparrow"}, {"word": "Cape sparrow"}, {"word": "Cassin's sparrow"}, {"word": "chipping sparrow"}, {"word": "cock-sparrow"}, {"word": "cock sparrow"}, {"word": "crown sparrow"}, {"word": "diamond sparrow"}, {"word": "English sparrow"}, {"word": "Eurasian tree sparrow"}, {"word": "field sparrow"}, {"word": "fox sparrow"}, {"word": "German sparrow"}, {"word": "grasshopper sparrow"}, {"word": "grass sparrow"}, {"word": "ground sparrow"}, {"word": "hedge sparrow"}, {"word": "Henslow's sparrow"}, {"word": "hen sparrow"}, {"word": "house sparrow"}, {"word": "Ipswich sparrow"}, {"word": "Italian sparrow"}, {"word": "Java sparrow"}, {"word": "lark sparrow"}, {"word": "mountain sparrow"}, {"word": "native sparrow"}, {"word": "Nelson's sparrow"}, {"word": "New World sparrow"}, {"word": "night sparrow"}, {"word": "Old World sparrow"}, {"word": "paradise sparrow"}, {"word": "reed sparrow"}, {"word": "ring sparrow"}, {"word": "rock sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-collared sparrow"}, {"word": "rufous-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "russet sparrow"}, {"word": "sagebrush sparrow"}, {"word": "sage sparrow"}, {"word": "saltmarsh sparrow"}, {"word": "Savannah sparrow"}, {"word": "saxaul sparrow"}, {"word": "seaside sparrow"}, {"word": "sharp-tailed sparrow"}, {"word": "snow sparrow"}, {"word": "song sparrow"}, {"word": "Spanish sparrow"}, {"word": "sparrow dominoes"}, {"word": "sparrow fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-fart"}, {"word": "sparrow-grass"}, {"word": "sparrow grass"}, {"word": "sparrow hawk"}, {"word": "tree sparrow"}, {"word": "true sparrow"}, {"word": "vesper sparrow"}, {"word": "water sparrow"}, {"word": "white-crowned sparrow"}, {"word": "white-throated sparrow"}, {"word": "Zapata sparrow"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:", "text": "Man progresses generally, not both legs at once like a sparrow, but by putting one leg forward first, and then the other.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers."], "links": [["house sparrow", "house sparrow"], ["Passer domesticus", "Passer domesticus#Translingual"], ["bird", "bird"]], "senseid": ["en:Q14683"], "synonyms": [{"word": "spadger"}, {"tags": ["Australia"], "word": "spoggy"}, {"word": "spuggy"}], "wikidata": ["Q14683"]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds."], "links": [["Passeridae", "Passeridae#Translingual"], ["Old World", "Old World"], ["songbird", "songbird"]]}, {"glosses": ["A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds."], "links": [["Emberizidae", "Emberizidae#Translingual"], ["New World", "New World"]]}, {"glosses": ["Generically, any small, nondescript bird."], "links": [["small", "small"], ["nondescript", "nondescript"]]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "London English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "cockney sparrow", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1878, Charles Henry Ross, Ally Sloper's guide to the Paris exhibition, page 54:", "text": "I take it there 's scarcely a happier fellow alive than your honest town-bred smoke-dried cockney sparrow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2005, Drama Faces: Martine McCutcheon, BBC:", "text": "Professional cockney sparrow Martine has acted since childhood.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A quick-witted, lively person."], "raw_glosses": ["(UK, chiefly London) A quick-witted, lively person."], "tags": ["London", "UK"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈspæɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspæɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈspɛɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-ne-sparrow.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-sparrow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg/En-us-sparrow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-sparrow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "xag", "lang": "Aghwan", "roman": "čobal", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "𐕖𐕒𐔱𐔰𐔾"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "harabel"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trumcak"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عُصْفُور"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕuṣfūr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عصفور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čnčġuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ճնճղուկ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "axm", "lang": "Middle Armenian", "roman": "čʻit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "չիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghonsirika", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘনচিৰিকা"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "ghorsorai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ঘৰচৰাই"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sərçə"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "jinjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "جنجشک"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "turğay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "турғай"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vjerabjéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "верабе́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "varóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "варо́бчык"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛui", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়ুই"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "coṛai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "চড়াই"}, {"code": "bho", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "गौरइया"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "vrabčé", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врабче́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "စာ"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "teuladí"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "máquè", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "麻雀"}, {"code": "cv", "lang": "Chuvash", "roman": "śerś̬i", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ҫерҫи"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "duo", "lang": "Dupaningan Agta", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipittot"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "mus"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "huismus"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spearwa"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pasero"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varblane"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurvur"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "varpunen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "moineau"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "beɣura", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბეღურა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Sperling"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "sparwa", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgíti", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "σπουργίτι"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "spourgítis", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "σπουργίτης"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "strouthós", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "στρουθός"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "caklī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ચકલી"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dror", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "דְּרוֹר"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "anqór", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "אַנְקוֹר"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "गौरैया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gauriyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "गौरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "veréb"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spörfugl"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "cirkkulain"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passero"}, {"alt": "すずめ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "suzume", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "雀"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kạ̄ntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کٲنٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "kāntur", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "کانٛتُر"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "ċạr", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ژٔر"}, {"code": "csb", "lang": "Kashubian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "warbel"}, {"code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "torğai", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "торғай"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "caap", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ចាប"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "chamsae", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "참새"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "tarancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "таранчы"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "taraancı", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "тараанчы"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "ka chǭk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ກະຈອກ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passer"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zvirbulis"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žvirblis"}, {"code": "nds", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Lüneng"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spatz"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrabec", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "врабец"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "vrapče", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "врапче"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "കുരുവി"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tiu"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇī", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "चिमणी"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "cimṇā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चिमणा"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "čiṭi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ჩიტი"}, {"code": "xmf", "lang": "Mingrelian", "roman": "baɣəre", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ბაღჷრე"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bor šuvuu", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бор шувуу"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bogširgo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "богширго"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bolžmor", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "болжмор"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bjalzuuxaj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "common", "regional"], "word": "бялзуухай"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "tsídiiłbáhí"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "bhãgerā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "भँगेरा"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spurv"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sporv"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passerat"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passeron"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "caṭiā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ଚଟିଆ"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "vrabii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "врабии"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "vorobii", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробии"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "spǫrr"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "gonješk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "گنجشک"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "melič/malič", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ملیچ"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Spauz"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wróbel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "vrabie"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vorobéj", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "воробе́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbyšek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive"], "word": "воро́бышек"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "voróbušek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "воро́бушек"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "caṭaka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "चटक"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gealbhonn"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "вра́бац"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "vrábac"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrabec"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "vrábəc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobel"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wrobl"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "wroblik"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pasérido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "gorrión"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "shomoro"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparv"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sparvfink"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "soṛoi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "ꠌꠠꠂ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "pipit"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "gunjišk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "гунҷишк"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "čumčuk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чумчук"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ciṭṭukkuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "சிட்டுக்குருவி"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuruvi", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "குருவி"}, {"code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "çıpçıq", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "чыпчык"}, {"code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "torğay"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "piccuka", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "పిచ్చుక"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "grà-jɔ̀ɔk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "กระจอก"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "serçe", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "سرچه"}, {"code": "tk", "lang": "Turkmen", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "serçe"}, {"code": "uby", "lang": "Ubykh", "roman": "bağər", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "баӷыр"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "горобе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "horóbčyk", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["diminutive", "masculine"], "word": "горо́бчик"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobécʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine"], "word": "воробе́ць"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vorobélʹ", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["dated", "masculine", "regional"], "word": "воробе́ль"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "gauraiyā", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "گورییا"}, {"code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qushqach", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "قۇشقاچ"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "chumchuq"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "seléga"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "séłega"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "sẻ"}, {"code": "wbk", "lang": "Waigali", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "girišig"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sbrocsyn"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "sbrocsynnod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "barabıay", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "word": "барабыай"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "shperl", "sense": "bird of the family Passeridae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "שפּערל"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "draxtapan", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "դրախտապան"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "gors"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sirkku"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruant"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escribenta"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "word": "sármány"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "trznadel"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "escrevedeira"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "bird of the family Emberizidae", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fältsparv"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕaṣfūr", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "عَصْفُور"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "xcl", "lang": "Old Armenian", "roman": "cit", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "ծիտ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pardal"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "word": "pikkulintu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "piaf"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "paxariño"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passarinho"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pájaro"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "generically, any small, nondescript bird", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aderyn"}], "word": "sparrow"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.