Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

crow/English/verb

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crow/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Alemannic-German not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English class 7 strong verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English onomatopoeias", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerH-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Tashelhit translations", "Requests for translations into Abkhaz", "Requests for translations into Adyghe", "Requests for translations into Afrikaans", "Requests for translations into Aghwan", "Requests for translations into Ainu", "Requests for translations into Akan", "Requests for translations into Aklanon", "Requests for translations into Albanian", "Requests for translations into Bashkir", "Requests for translations into Basque", "Requests for translations into Bau Bidayuh", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Bikol Central", "Requests for translations into Breton", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into Volapük", "Requests for translations into West Coast Bajau", "Requests for translations into Wolof", "Requests for translations into Yiddish", "Requests for translations into Yucatec Maya", "Requests for translations into Yup'ik", "Requests for translations into Yámana", "Requests for translations into Zhuang", "Requests for translations into Zulu", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tashelhit translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Corvids", "en:Danaine butterflies"], "derived": [{"word": "cockscrow"}, {"word": "crower"}, {"word": "crowingly"}, {"word": "crow over"}, {"word": "outcrow"}, {"word": "overcrow"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerH-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowen"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "crāwan"}, "expansion": "Old English crāwan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*krāan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*krēaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "title": "imitative"}, "expansion": "imitative", "name": "onomatopoeic"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerh₂-", "4": "*gerH-", "5": "to cry hoarsely"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "u"}, "expansion": "ᵘ", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "2"}, "expansion": "²", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "Crow"}, "expansion": "Crow", "name": "smallcaps"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "kraaien"}, "expansion": "Dutch kraaien", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "krähen"}, "expansion": "German krähen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "gróti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian gróti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "гра́ять"}, "expansion": "Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).\nThe noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.\nCompare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.", "forms": [{"form": "crows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "crowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "crew", "tags": ["UK", "past"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "crown", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"past2": "crew", "past2_qual": "UK", "past_ptc2": "crown", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:", "text": "Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:", "text": "This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:", "text": "'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The child was at this time about ten months old, and was a strong, hearty, happy infant, always laughing when he was awake and always sleeping when he did not laugh, because his little limbs were free from pain and his little stomach was not annoyed by internal troubles. He kicked, and crowed, and sputtered, when his mother took him, and put up his little fingers to clutch her hair, and was to her as a young god upon the earth. Nothing in the world had ever been created so beautiful, so joyous, so satisfactory, so divine!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 48:", "text": "Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:", "text": "When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "links": [["make", "make#Verb"], ["shrill", "shrill#Adjective"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["rooster", "rooster"], ["gaiety", "gaiety"], ["joy", "joy"], ["pleasure", "pleasure#Noun"], ["defiance", "defiance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler:", "text": "Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 77:", "text": "Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "links": [["shout", "shout#Verb"], ["exultation", "exultation"], ["defiance", "defiance"], ["brag", "brag#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "en:Music"], "glosses": ["To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["test", "test#Verb"], ["reed", "reed"], ["double reed", "double reed"], ["instrument", "instrument"], ["placing", "place#Verb"], ["mouth", "mouth#Noun"], ["blowing", "blow#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "tags": ["intransitive"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "krō", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/kɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-crow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg/En-us-crow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṣāḥa", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "صَاحَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukarekacʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукарэкаць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukareknucʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукарэкнуць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kukurigam", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукуригам"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ola"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鳴"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎmíng", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鸣"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "kokrhat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zakokrhat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kiekua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "chanter"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇ivis", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ყივის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "chrääe"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "hrūkjan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "laló", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "λαλώ"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krázo", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "κράζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "qará", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "קָרָא"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukorékol"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "berkokok"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "tekekō"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "kauwā", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "कौवा"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "uyiha"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "caqu'ter"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gale"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "ququli-ququ kardan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "قوقولیقوقو کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "piać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kukarékatʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукаре́кать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gairm"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукурикати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukurikati"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kikirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cacarear"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kuwika"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kǎn", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ขัน"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ötmek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукурі́кати"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríknuty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукурі́кнути"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "pokukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "покукурі́кати"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gáy"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canu"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "wiçen"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kirkua"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jauchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "juchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "frohlocken"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "johlen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "gíog"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "piać z zachwytu"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "canu orohïan"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "tǎržestvuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "тържествувам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "chvástat se"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehennellä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehvastella"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "herauskrähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "protzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "triumphieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "thriamvologó", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "θριαμβολογώ"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "whakainati"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "faxr foruxtan", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "فخر فروختن"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "baxvalitʹsja", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бахвалиться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликовати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "likovati"}], "word": "crow"}

crow (English verb) crow/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Alemannic-German not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English class 7 strong verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English onomatopoeias", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerH-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Tashelhit translations", "Requests for translations into Abkhaz", "Requests for translations into Adyghe", "Requests for translations into Afrikaans", "Requests for translations into Aghwan", "Requests for translations into Ainu", "Requests for translations into Akan", "Requests for translations into Aklanon", "Requests for translations into Albanian", "Requests for translations into Bashkir", "Requests for translations into Basque", "Requests for translations into Bau Bidayuh", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Bikol Central", "Requests for translations into Breton", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into Volapük", "Requests for translations into West Coast Bajau", "Requests for translations into Wolof", "Requests for translations into Yiddish", "Requests for translations into Yucatec Maya", "Requests for translations into Yup'ik", "Requests for translations into Yámana", "Requests for translations into Zhuang", "Requests for translations into Zulu", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tashelhit translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Corvids", "en:Danaine butterflies"], "derived": [{"word": "cockscrow"}, {"word": "crower"}, {"word": "crowingly"}, {"word": "crow over"}, {"word": "outcrow"}, {"word": "overcrow"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerH-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowen"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "crāwan"}, "expansion": "Old English crāwan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*krāan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*krēaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "title": "imitative"}, "expansion": "imitative", "name": "onomatopoeic"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerh₂-", "4": "*gerH-", "5": "to cry hoarsely"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "u"}, "expansion": "ᵘ", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "2"}, "expansion": "²", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "Crow"}, "expansion": "Crow", "name": "smallcaps"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "kraaien"}, "expansion": "Dutch kraaien", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "krähen"}, "expansion": "German krähen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "gróti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian gróti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "гра́ять"}, "expansion": "Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).\nThe noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.\nCompare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.", "forms": [{"form": "crows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "crowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "crew", "tags": ["UK", "past"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "crown", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"past2": "crew", "past2_qual": "UK", "past_ptc2": "crown", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:", "text": "Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:", "text": "This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:", "text": "'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The child was at this time about ten months old, and was a strong, hearty, happy infant, always laughing when he was awake and always sleeping when he did not laugh, because his little limbs were free from pain and his little stomach was not annoyed by internal troubles. He kicked, and crowed, and sputtered, when his mother took him, and put up his little fingers to clutch her hair, and was to her as a young god upon the earth. Nothing in the world had ever been created so beautiful, so joyous, so satisfactory, so divine!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 48:", "text": "Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:", "text": "When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "links": [["make", "make#Verb"], ["shrill", "shrill#Adjective"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["rooster", "rooster"], ["gaiety", "gaiety"], ["joy", "joy"], ["pleasure", "pleasure#Noun"], ["defiance", "defiance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler:", "text": "Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 77:", "text": "Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "links": [["shout", "shout#Verb"], ["exultation", "exultation"], ["defiance", "defiance"], ["brag", "brag#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "en:Music"], "glosses": ["To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["test", "test#Verb"], ["reed", "reed"], ["double reed", "double reed"], ["instrument", "instrument"], ["placing", "place#Verb"], ["mouth", "mouth#Noun"], ["blowing", "blow#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "tags": ["intransitive"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "krō", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/kɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-crow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg/En-us-crow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṣāḥa", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "صَاحَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukarekacʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукарэкаць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukareknucʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукарэкнуць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kukurigam", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукуригам"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ola"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鳴"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎmíng", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鸣"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "kokrhat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zakokrhat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kiekua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "chanter"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇ivis", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ყივის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "chrääe"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "hrūkjan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "laló", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "λαλώ"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krázo", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "κράζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "qará", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "קָרָא"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukorékol"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "berkokok"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "tekekō"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "kauwā", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "कौवा"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "uyiha"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "caqu'ter"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gale"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "ququli-ququ kardan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "قوقولیقوقو کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "piać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kukarékatʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукаре́кать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gairm"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукурикати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukurikati"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kikirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cacarear"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kuwika"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kǎn", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ขัน"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ötmek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукурі́кати"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríknuty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукурі́кнути"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "pokukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "покукурі́кати"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gáy"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canu"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "wiçen"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kirkua"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jauchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "juchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "frohlocken"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "johlen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "gíog"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "piać z zachwytu"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "canu orohïan"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "tǎržestvuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "тържествувам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "chvástat se"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehennellä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehvastella"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "herauskrähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "protzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "triumphieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "thriamvologó", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "θριαμβολογώ"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "whakainati"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "faxr foruxtan", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "فخر فروختن"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "baxvalitʹsja", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бахвалиться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликовати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "likovati"}], "word": "crow"}

crow/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English class 7 strong verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English onomatopoeias", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerH-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Tashelhit translations", "Requests for translations into Abkhaz", "Requests for translations into Adyghe", "Requests for translations into Afrikaans", "Requests for translations into Aghwan", "Requests for translations into Ainu", "Requests for translations into Akan", "Requests for translations into Aklanon", "Requests for translations into Albanian", "Requests for translations into Bashkir", "Requests for translations into Basque", "Requests for translations into Bau Bidayuh", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Bikol Central", "Requests for translations into Breton", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into Volapük", "Requests for translations into West Coast Bajau", "Requests for translations into Wolof", "Requests for translations into Yiddish", "Requests for translations into Yucatec Maya", "Requests for translations into Yup'ik", "Requests for translations into Yámana", "Requests for translations into Zhuang", "Requests for translations into Zulu", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tashelhit translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Corvids", "en:Danaine butterflies"], "derived": [{"word": "cockscrow"}, {"word": "crower"}, {"word": "crowingly"}, {"word": "crow over"}, {"word": "outcrow"}, {"word": "overcrow"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerH-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowen"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "crāwan"}, "expansion": "Old English crāwan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*krāan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*krēaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "title": "imitative"}, "expansion": "imitative", "name": "onomatopoeic"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerh₂-", "4": "*gerH-", "5": "to cry hoarsely"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "u"}, "expansion": "ᵘ", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "2"}, "expansion": "²", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "Crow"}, "expansion": "Crow", "name": "smallcaps"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "kraaien"}, "expansion": "Dutch kraaien", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "krähen"}, "expansion": "German krähen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "gróti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian gróti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "гра́ять"}, "expansion": "Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).\nThe noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.\nCompare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.", "forms": [{"form": "crows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "crowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "crew", "tags": ["UK", "past"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "crown", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"past2": "crew", "past2_qual": "UK", "past_ptc2": "crown", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:", "text": "Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:", "text": "This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:", "text": "'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The child was at this time about ten months old, and was a strong, hearty, happy infant, always laughing when he was awake and always sleeping when he did not laugh, because his little limbs were free from pain and his little stomach was not annoyed by internal troubles. He kicked, and crowed, and sputtered, when his mother took him, and put up his little fingers to clutch her hair, and was to her as a young god upon the earth. Nothing in the world had ever been created so beautiful, so joyous, so satisfactory, so divine!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 48:", "text": "Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:", "text": "When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "links": [["make", "make#Verb"], ["shrill", "shrill#Adjective"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["rooster", "rooster"], ["gaiety", "gaiety"], ["joy", "joy"], ["pleasure", "pleasure#Noun"], ["defiance", "defiance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler:", "text": "Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 77:", "text": "Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "links": [["shout", "shout#Verb"], ["exultation", "exultation"], ["defiance", "defiance"], ["brag", "brag#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "en:Music"], "glosses": ["To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["test", "test#Verb"], ["reed", "reed"], ["double reed", "double reed"], ["instrument", "instrument"], ["placing", "place#Verb"], ["mouth", "mouth#Noun"], ["blowing", "blow#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "tags": ["intransitive"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "krō", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/kɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-crow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg/En-us-crow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṣāḥa", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "صَاحَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukarekacʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукарэкаць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukareknucʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукарэкнуць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kukurigam", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукуригам"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ola"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鳴"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎmíng", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鸣"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "kokrhat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zakokrhat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kiekua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "chanter"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇ivis", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ყივის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "chrääe"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "hrūkjan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "laló", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "λαλώ"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krázo", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "κράζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "qará", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "קָרָא"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukorékol"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "berkokok"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "tekekō"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "kauwā", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "कौवा"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "uyiha"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "caqu'ter"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gale"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "ququli-ququ kardan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "قوقولیقوقو کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "piać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kukarékatʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукаре́кать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gairm"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукурикати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukurikati"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kikirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cacarear"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kuwika"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kǎn", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ขัน"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ötmek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукурі́кати"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríknuty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукурі́кнути"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "pokukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "покукурі́кати"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gáy"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canu"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "wiçen"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kirkua"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jauchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "juchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "frohlocken"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "johlen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "gíog"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "piać z zachwytu"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "canu orohïan"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "tǎržestvuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "тържествувам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "chvástat se"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehennellä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehvastella"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "herauskrähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "protzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "triumphieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "thriamvologó", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "θριαμβολογώ"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "whakainati"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "faxr foruxtan", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "فخر فروختن"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "baxvalitʹsja", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бахвалиться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликовати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "likovati"}], "word": "crow"}

crow (English verb) crow/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English class 7 strong verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English onomatopoeias", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerH-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Tashelhit translations", "Requests for translations into Abkhaz", "Requests for translations into Adyghe", "Requests for translations into Afrikaans", "Requests for translations into Aghwan", "Requests for translations into Ainu", "Requests for translations into Akan", "Requests for translations into Aklanon", "Requests for translations into Albanian", "Requests for translations into Bashkir", "Requests for translations into Basque", "Requests for translations into Bau Bidayuh", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Bikol Central", "Requests for translations into Breton", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into Volapük", "Requests for translations into West Coast Bajau", "Requests for translations into Wolof", "Requests for translations into Yiddish", "Requests for translations into Yucatec Maya", "Requests for translations into Yup'ik", "Requests for translations into Yámana", "Requests for translations into Zhuang", "Requests for translations into Zulu", "Rhymes:English/əʊ", "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tashelhit translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Corvids", "en:Danaine butterflies"], "derived": [{"word": "cockscrow"}, {"word": "crower"}, {"word": "crowingly"}, {"word": "crow over"}, {"word": "outcrow"}, {"word": "overcrow"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerH-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowen"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowen", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "crāwan"}, "expansion": "Old English crāwan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*krāan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*krēaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "title": "imitative"}, "expansion": "imitative", "name": "onomatopoeic"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerh₂-", "4": "*gerH-", "5": "to cry hoarsely"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "crowe"}, "expansion": "Middle English crowe", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "u"}, "expansion": "ᵘ", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "2"}, "expansion": "²", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "Crow"}, "expansion": "Crow", "name": "smallcaps"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "kraaien"}, "expansion": "Dutch kraaien", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "krähen"}, "expansion": "German krähen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "gróti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian gróti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "гра́ять"}, "expansion": "Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).\nThe noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.\nCompare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.", "forms": [{"form": "crows", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "crowing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "crew", "tags": ["UK", "past"]}, {"form": "crowed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "crown", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"past2": "crew", "past2_qual": "UK", "past_ptc2": "crown", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:", "text": "Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:", "text": "This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:", "text": "'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The child was at this time about ten months old, and was a strong, hearty, happy infant, always laughing when he was awake and always sleeping when he did not laugh, because his little limbs were free from pain and his little stomach was not annoyed by internal troubles. He kicked, and crowed, and sputtered, when his mother took him, and put up his little fingers to clutch her hair, and was to her as a young god upon the earth. Nothing in the world had ever been created so beautiful, so joyous, so satisfactory, so divine!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 48:", "text": "Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:", "text": "When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "links": [["make", "make#Verb"], ["shrill", "shrill#Adjective"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["rooster", "rooster"], ["gaiety", "gaiety"], ["joy", "joy"], ["pleasure", "pleasure#Noun"], ["defiance", "defiance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler:", "text": "Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 77:", "text": "Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "links": [["shout", "shout#Verb"], ["exultation", "exultation"], ["defiance", "defiance"], ["brag", "brag#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "en:Music"], "glosses": ["To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["test", "test#Verb"], ["reed", "reed"], ["double reed", "double reed"], ["instrument", "instrument"], ["placing", "place#Verb"], ["mouth", "mouth#Noun"], ["blowing", "blow#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it."], "tags": ["intransitive"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kɹəʊ/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "krō", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "/kɹoʊ/", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "en-us-crow.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg/En-us-crow.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-crow.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-əʊ"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṣāḥa", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "صَاحَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukarekacʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукарэкаць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "kukareknucʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукарэкнуць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kukurigam", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукуригам"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ola"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鳴"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎmíng", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "打鸣"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "kokrhat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zakokrhat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kiekua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "chanter"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇ivis", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ყივის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "chrääe"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "hrūkjan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "laló", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "λαλώ"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krázo", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "κράζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "qará", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "קָרָא"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukorékol"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "berkokok"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "tekekō"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "kauwā", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "कौवा"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "uyiha"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "caqu'ter"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gale"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "ququli-ququ kardan", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "قوقولیقوقو کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "piać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cantar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kukarékatʹ", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукаре́кать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gairm"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "кукурикати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kukurikati"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kikirati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "cacarear"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "kuwika"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gala"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kǎn", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ขัน"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "ötmek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кукурі́кати"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "kukuríknuty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "кукурі́кнути"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "pokukuríkaty", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "покукурі́кати"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "gáy"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "canu"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to make the sound of a rooster", "word": "wiçen"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kraaien"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "kirkua"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jauchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "juchzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "frohlocken"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "johlen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "gíog"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "piać z zachwytu"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to utter a sound of joy", "word": "canu orohïan"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "likuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликувам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "tǎržestvuvam", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "тържествувам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "chvástat se"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehennellä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "rehvastella"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "krähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "herauskrähen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubilieren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "jubeln"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "protzen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "triumphieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "thriamvologó", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "θριαμβολογώ"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "whakainati"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "faxr foruxtan", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "فخر فروختن"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "baxvalitʹsja", "sense": "to shout or brag", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бахвалиться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "ликовати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to shout or brag", "word": "likovati"}], "word": "crow"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.