Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

contraction/English/noun

2: contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "4": "*-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}
1: contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "4": "*-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}

contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root -tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "dʰregʰ-", "4": "-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}

contraction (English noun) contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "4": "*-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}

contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root -tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "dʰregʰ-", "4": "-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}

contraction (English noun) contraction/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tis", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰregʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən", "Rhymes:English/ækʃən/3 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Welsh translations"], "derived": [{"word": "aftercontraction"}, {"word": "anticontraction"}, {"word": "Braxton Hicks contraction"}, {"word": "cocontraction"}, {"word": "contractional"}, {"word": "contractionary"}, {"word": "contractionism"}, {"word": "contractionist"}, {"word": "contractionless"}, {"word": "decontraction"}, {"word": "eccentric contraction"}, {"word": "haustral contraction"}, {"word": "hypercontraction"}, {"word": "intercontraction"}, {"word": "lanthanide contraction"}, {"word": "length contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz contraction"}, {"word": "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction"}, {"word": "mutated contraction"}, {"word": "noncontraction"}, {"word": "overcontraction"}, {"word": "precontraction"}, {"word": "recontraction"}, {"word": "supercontraction"}, {"word": "vasocontraction"}, {"word": "wanna contraction"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ḱóm"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "4": "*-tis"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "contraccioun"}, "expansion": "Middle English contraccioun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "contraction"}, "expansion": "Old French contraction", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "contraction"}, "expansion": "French contraction", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "contractiō", "alt": "contractiō(n)", "t": "a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency"}, "expansion": "Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰregʰ-", "t": "to drag, pull; to run"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "+suf", "2": "en", "3": "contract", "4": "ion", "pos2": "suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results"}, "expansion": "By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results)", "name": "surf"}], "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", "forms": [{"form": "contractions", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["con‧tract‧ion"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "contract"}, {"word": "contractable"}, {"tags": ["rare"], "word": "contractant"}, {"word": "contractation"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "contracted"}, {"word": "contractedly"}, {"word": "contractedness"}, {"word": "contractee"}, {"word": "contractible"}, {"word": "contractile"}, {"word": "contractility"}, {"tags": ["adjective", "noun"], "word": "contracting"}, {"word": "contractive"}, {"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "contractly"}, {"word": "contractor"}, {"word": "contractual"}, {"word": "contractually"}, {"word": "contractural"}, {"word": "contracture"}, {"word": "contractured"}, {"word": "extract"}, {"word": "retract"}, {"word": "tractile"}, {"word": "traction"}, {"word": "omission"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative)."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["act", "act#Noun"], ["incur", "incur"], ["debt", "debt"], ["acquiring", "acquire"], ["negative", "negative#Adjective"]], "senseid": ["en:acquisition generally"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["agreement", "agreement"], ["marriage", "marriage"], ["contracting", "contracting#Noun"], ["betrothal", "betrothal"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(archaic) An act of entering into a contract or agreement; specifically, a contract of marriage; a contracting; also (obsolete), a betrothal."], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"text": "the contraction of malaria", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:", "text": "Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the \"atmosphere at large\". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "links": [["becoming", "become#English"], ["involve", "involve#English"], ["entering", "enter#Verb"], ["contract", "contract#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["process", "process#Noun"], ["contracting", "contract#Verb"], ["infected", "infect#Verb"], ["disease", "disease#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.", "(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease."], "senseid": ["en:acquiring of a disease"], "synonyms": [{"word": "acquiring"}, {"word": "catching"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"text": "(abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.):"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["abridgement", "abridgement"], ["writing", "writing#Noun"], ["abstract", "abstract#Noun"], ["summary", "summary#Noun"], ["brevity", "brevity"], ["conciseness", "conciseness"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(archaic or obsolete) An abridgement or shortening of writing, etc.; an abstract, a summary; also (uncountable), brevity, conciseness."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "synonyms": [{"word": "condensation"}, {"word": "epitome"}], "tags": ["archaic", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["stage", "stage#Noun"], ["wound", "wound#Noun"], ["healing", "healing#Noun"], ["edges", "edge#Noun"], ["gradually", "gradually"], ["pulled", "pull#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phase of wound healing"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Biology", "en:Medicine"], "examples": [{"ref": "2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:", "text": "Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["biology", "biology"], ["medicine", "medicine"], ["muscle", "muscle#Noun"], ["use", "use#Noun"], ["strong", "strong#Adjective"], ["painful", "painful"], ["uterine", "uterine#Adjective"], ["childbirth", "childbirth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shortening of any muscle"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["biology", "medicine", "natural-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Economics"], "examples": [{"text": "The country’s economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["economics", "economics"], ["period", "period#Noun"], ["economic", "economic"], ["decline", "decline#Noun"], ["growth", "growth"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:economics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["economics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Linguistics"], "examples": [{"text": "In the English words didn’t, that’s, and wanna, the endings -n’t, -’s, and -a arose by contraction.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "hyponyms": [{"word": "apheresis"}, {"word": "apocope"}, {"word": "elision"}, {"word": "syncope"}], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["sounds", "sound#Noun"], ["free morpheme", "free morpheme"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["reduce", "reduce"], ["lost", "lose#Verb"], ["bound morpheme", "bound morpheme"], ["clitic", "clitic"], ["attach", "attach"], ["phonologically", "phonologically"], ["adjacent", "adjacent#Adjective"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:linguistics"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Linguistics", "en:Phonology", "en:Prosody"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["linguistics", "linguistics"], ["phonology", "phonology"], ["prosody", "prosody"], ["syncope", "syncope#English"], ["elision", "elision"], ["loss", "loss#Noun"], ["sound", "sound#Noun"], ["interior", "interior#Noun"], ["word", "word#Noun"], ["vowel", "vowel#Noun"], ["syllable", "syllable#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(linguistics, phonology, prosody) Synonym of syncope (“the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable”)"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:phonetics"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "the elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "syncope"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "prosody", "sciences"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["en:Algebra"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["ideal", "ideal"], ["codomain", "codomain"], ["ring", "ring"], ["homomorphism", "homomorphism"], ["preimage", "preimage"]], "qualifier": "ring theory", "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(ring theory, of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism) The preimage of the given ideal under the given homomorphism."], "raw_tags": ["of an ideal in the codomain of a ring homomorphism"], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Orthography"], "examples": [{"text": "Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["orthography", "orthography"], ["English", "English#Adjective"], ["language", "language"], ["form", "form#Noun"], ["omitted", "omitted#Adjective"], ["letters", "letter#Noun"], ["replace", "replace"], ["apostrophe", "apostrophe"], ["diacritical mark", "diacritical mark"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:orthography"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "orthography", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "dilatation"}, {"word": "dilation"}, {"word": "expansion"}], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["reversible", "reversible#Adjective"], ["reduction", "reduction"], ["length", "length#Noun"], ["scope", "scope#Noun"], ["size", "size#Noun"], ["volume", "volume#Noun"], ["narrowing", "narrowing#Noun"], ["shortening", "shortening#Noun"], ["shrinking", "shrinking#Noun"], ["shorthand", "shorthand#Noun"], ["symbol", "symbol#Noun"], ["indicating", "indicate"], ["omission", "omission"], ["purpose", "purpose#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.", "(by extension) A shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity."], "senseid": ["en:reduction in size", "en:shorthand symbol"], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "An act of collecting or gathering."], "links": [["pulling", "pull#Verb"], ["shorten", "shorten#English"], ["collecting", "collect#Verb"], ["gathering", "gather#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.", "(obsolete, rare) An act of collecting or gathering."], "tags": ["countable", "obsolete", "rare", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/kɒn-/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contraction.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contraction.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"rhymes": "-ækʃən"}], "translations": [{"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Annahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of incurring debt; act of acquiring something (generally negative)", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontamination"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tarttuminen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "tartunta"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ansteckung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erwerb"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Infektion"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőzés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "fertőződés"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "megfertőződés"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "záraza", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "за́раза"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zarazúvanje", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заразу́вање"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "verkleining"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "skǎsjavane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скъсяване"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收縮"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shōusuō", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "收缩"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Abnahme"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Abnehmen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Minderung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schrumpfen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Schwinden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schwindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "Verkleinerung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Stauchung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "しゅうしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūshuku", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "収縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchuk", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "단축"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "kıskaruu", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "кыскаруу"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contractiō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "forminskning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracție"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "minskning"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "daginsin"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "dardgiri", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "дардгирӣ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "การหดตัว"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "(sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hkyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ချုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kyum.hkrang:", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "ကျုံ့ခြင်း"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "lähentyminen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together", "word": "qisqarish"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "svivane", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "свиване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "lihassupistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktur"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Anspannung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Einschnürung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verengung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Verkürzung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Zusammenziehen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zuziehung"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkavtzut", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "התכווצות"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontrakció"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "izom-összehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "összehúzódás"}, {"alt": "れんしゅく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "renshuku", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "攣縮"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "wichuk", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "위축"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "girjbûn"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraksjon"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "crispação"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sžátije", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сжа́тие"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "kontraktion"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortening of a muscle during its use", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cyfangiad"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gwaskadenn"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "kontrakcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контракция"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "wee"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "supistus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "synnytyssupistus"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Geburtswehe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Wehe"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "fájás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "méhösszehúzódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "szülési fájás"}, {"alt": "じんつう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "jintsū", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "陣痛"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kontrákcija", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "контра́кција"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "kukutinga"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "контра̀кција"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "тру́дови"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "kontràkcija"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "trúdovi"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth", "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "taantuma"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Abschwung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Rezession"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Rückgang"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Schrumpfung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "recesszió"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "word": "visszaesés"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "period of economic decline or negative growth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammentrækning"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "samentrekking"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "supistuminen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "összevonódás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "szóösszevonás"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "やくおんか", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yakuon-ka", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "約音化"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraccion"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are reduced or lost", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎkraštenie", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "съкращение"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracció"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kontraktio"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "supistumamuoto"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contraction"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Kontraktion"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Zusammenziehung"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "összevont alak"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contrazione"}, {"alt": "たんしゅくけい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tanshuku-kei", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "短縮形"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danchugeo", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "단축어"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "skratúvanje", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скрату́вање"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "sammentrekning"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "kontrakcja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "forma ściąnięta"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contração"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sokraščénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "сокраще́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "stjažénije", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "стяже́ние"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "contracción"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "sammandragning"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "word": "kısaltma"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "skoročennja", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "скорочення"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cywasgiad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "shorthand symbol indicating an omission for the purpose of brevity", "word": "lyhennemerkki"}], "word": "contraction"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.