"קישן" meaning in Yiddish

See קישן in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: kishn [romanization], kishns [romanization], kishele [romanization], kishl [romanization]
Etymology: Compare German Kissen. Etymology templates: {{cog|de|Kissen}} German Kissen Head templates: {{head|yi|noun|g=m|g2=n|g3=|head=|sort=|tr=}} קישן • (kishn) m or n, {{yi-noun|dim=קישעלע|dim2=קישל|g=mn|pl=s}} קישן • (kishn) m or n, plural קישנס (kishns), diminutive קישעלע (kishele) or קישל (kishl)
  1. cushion; pillow Derived forms: שניי־קישעלע (shney-kishele)
    Sense id: en-קישן-yi-noun-4Iwbxmeb Categories (other): Yiddish entries with incorrect language header, Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks, Yiddish terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Yiddish entries with incorrect language header: 75 25 Disambiguation of Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks: 86 14 Disambiguation of Yiddish terms with redundant script codes: 83 17

Verb

Etymology: Compare German Kissen. Etymology templates: {{cog|de|Kissen}} German Kissen Head templates: {{yi-verb|געקישט}} קישן • (kishn) (past participle געקישט (gekisht)) Inflection templates: {{yi-conj}} Forms: kishn [romanization], געקישט [participle, past], no-table-tags [table-tags], קישן [infinitive], קישנדיק [participle, present], געקישט [participle, past], האָבן [auxiliary], איך קיש [present], מיר קישן [present], דו קישסט [present], איר קישט [present], ער קישט [present], זיי קישן [present], קיש (דו) [imperative], kish (du) [imperative], קישט (איר) [imperative], kisht (ir) [imperative], no-table-tags [table-tags], איך האָב געקישט [past], מיר האָבן געקישט [past], דו האָסט געקישט [past], איר האָט געקישט [past], ער האָט געקישט [past], זיי האָבן געקישט [past], איך האָב געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], מיר האָבן געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], דו האָסט געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], איר האָט געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], ער האָט געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], זיי האָבן געהאַט געקישט [pluperfect], איך וועל קישן [future], מיר וועלן קישן [future], דו וועסט קישן [future], איר וועט קישן [future], ער וועט קישן [future], זיי וועלן קישן [future], איך וועל האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], מיר וועלן האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], דו וועסט האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], איר וועט האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], ער וועט האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], זיי וועלן האָבן געקישט [future, perfect], no-table-tags [table-tags], Composed forms
  1. Alternative form of קושן (kushn) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: קושן (extra: kushn)
    Sense id: en-קישן-yi-verb-I8fDkShE

Download JSON data for קישן meaning in Yiddish (7.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kissen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kissen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare German Kissen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kishn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishns",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishele",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishl",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) m or n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "dim": "קישעלע",
        "dim2": "קישל",
        "g": "mn",
        "pl": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) m or n, plural קישנס (kishns), diminutive קישעלע (kishele) or קישל (kishl)",
      "name": "yi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yiddish terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "shney-kishele",
          "word": "שניי־קישעלע"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cushion; pillow"
      ],
      "id": "en-קישן-yi-noun-4Iwbxmeb",
      "links": [
        [
          "cushion",
          "cushion"
        ],
        [
          "pillow",
          "pillow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "קישן"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kissen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kissen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare German Kissen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kishn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "געקישט",
      "roman": "gekisht",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישן",
      "roman": "kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישנדיק",
      "roman": "kishndik",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "געקישט",
      "roman": "gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "האָבן",
      "roman": "hobn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך קיש",
      "roman": "ikh kish",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר קישן",
      "roman": "mir kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו קישסט",
      "roman": "du kishst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר קישט",
      "roman": "ir kisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער קישט",
      "roman": "er kisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי קישן",
      "roman": "zey kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קיש (דו)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kish (du)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישט (איר)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisht (ir)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך האָב געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh hob gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "mir hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו האָסט געקישט",
      "roman": "du host gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר האָט געקישט",
      "roman": "ir hot gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער האָט געקישט",
      "roman": "er hot gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "zey hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך האָב געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh hob gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר האָבן געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "mir hobn gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו האָסט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "du host gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר האָט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "ir hot gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער האָט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "er hot gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי האָבן געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "zey hobn gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך וועל קישן",
      "roman": "ikh vel kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר וועלן קישן",
      "roman": "mir veln kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו וועסט קישן",
      "roman": "du vest kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר וועט קישן",
      "roman": "ir vet kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער וועט קישן",
      "roman": "er vet kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי וועלן קישן",
      "roman": "zey veln kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך וועל האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh vel hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר וועלן האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "mir veln hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו וועסט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "du vest hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר וועט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "ir vet hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער וועט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "er vet hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי וועלן האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "zey veln hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Composed forms",
      "source": "conjugation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "געקישט"
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) (past participle געקישט (gekisht))",
      "name": "yi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "yi-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kushn",
          "word": "קושן"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of קושן (kushn)"
      ],
      "id": "en-קישן-yi-verb-I8fDkShE",
      "links": [
        [
          "קושן",
          "קושן#Yiddish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "קישן"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yiddish lemmas",
    "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Yiddish masculine nouns",
    "Yiddish neuter nouns",
    "Yiddish nouns",
    "Yiddish nouns with multiple genders",
    "Yiddish terms with redundant script codes",
    "Yiddish verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "shney-kishele",
      "word": "שניי־קישעלע"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kissen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kissen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare German Kissen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kishn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishns",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishele",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kishl",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) m or n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "dim": "קישעלע",
        "dim2": "קישל",
        "g": "mn",
        "pl": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) m or n, plural קישנס (kishns), diminutive קישעלע (kishele) or קישל (kishl)",
      "name": "yi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cushion; pillow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cushion",
          "cushion"
        ],
        [
          "pillow",
          "pillow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "קישן"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yiddish lemmas",
    "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Yiddish masculine nouns",
    "Yiddish neuter nouns",
    "Yiddish nouns",
    "Yiddish nouns with multiple genders",
    "Yiddish terms with redundant script codes",
    "Yiddish verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kissen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kissen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare German Kissen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kishn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "געקישט",
      "roman": "gekisht",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישן",
      "roman": "kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישנדיק",
      "roman": "kishndik",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "געקישט",
      "roman": "gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "האָבן",
      "roman": "hobn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך קיש",
      "roman": "ikh kish",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר קישן",
      "roman": "mir kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו קישסט",
      "roman": "du kishst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר קישט",
      "roman": "ir kisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער קישט",
      "roman": "er kisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי קישן",
      "roman": "zey kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קיש (דו)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kish (du)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "קישט (איר)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisht (ir)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך האָב געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh hob gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "mir hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו האָסט געקישט",
      "roman": "du host gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר האָט געקישט",
      "roman": "ir hot gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער האָט געקישט",
      "roman": "er hot gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "zey hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך האָב געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh hob gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר האָבן געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "mir hobn gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו האָסט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "du host gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר האָט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "ir hot gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער האָט געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "er hot gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי האָבן געהאַט געקישט",
      "roman": "zey hobn gehat gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך וועל קישן",
      "roman": "ikh vel kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר וועלן קישן",
      "roman": "mir veln kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו וועסט קישן",
      "roman": "du vest kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר וועט קישן",
      "roman": "ir vet kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער וועט קישן",
      "roman": "er vet kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי וועלן קישן",
      "roman": "zey veln kishn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איך וועל האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "ikh vel hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "מיר וועלן האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "mir veln hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "דו וועסט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "du vest hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "איר וועט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "ir vet hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ער וועט האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "er vet hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "זיי וועלן האָבן געקישט",
      "roman": "zey veln hobn gekisht",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Composed forms",
      "source": "conjugation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "געקישט"
      },
      "expansion": "קישן • (kishn) (past participle געקישט (gekisht))",
      "name": "yi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "yi-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kushn",
          "word": "קושן"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of קושן (kushn)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "קושן",
          "קושן#Yiddish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "קישן"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Yiddish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.