"גיך" meaning in Yiddish

See גיך in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay. Etymology templates: {{inh|yi|gmh|gæhe}} Middle High German gæhe, {{inh|yi|goh|gāhi}} Old High German gāhi, {{inh|yi|gem-pro|*ganhuz}} Proto-Germanic *ganhuz, {{cog|de|jäh|t=abrupt}} German jäh (“abrupt”), {{m|de|Jähe|t=abruptness}} Jähe (“abruptness”), {{cog|bar|gach||sudden, abrupt}} Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), {{cog|nl|gauw|t=soon}} Dutch gauw (“soon”), {{cog|en|gay}} English gay, {{m|en|jay}} jay Head templates: {{yi-adj|גיכער|גיכסט}} גיך • (gikh) (comparative גיכער (gikher), superlative גיכסט (gikhst)) Inflection templates: {{yi-decl}} Forms: gikh [romanization], גיכער [comparative], גיכסט [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], גיך [predicative], גיכער [masculine, nominative], גיך [indefinite, neuter, nominative], גיכע [definite, neuter, nominative], גיכס [neuter, nominative, postpositional], גיכע [feminine, nominative], גיכע [nominative, plural], גיכן [accusative, masculine], גיך [accusative, indefinite, neuter], גיכע [accusative, definite, neuter], גיכס [accusative, neuter, postpositional], גיכע [accusative, feminine], גיכע [accusative, plural], גיכן [dative, masculine], גיך [dative, indefinite, neuter], גיכן [dative, definite, neuter], גיכן [dative, neuter, postpositional], גיכער [dative, feminine], גיכע [dative, plural]
  1. quick, fast
    Sense id: en-גיך-yi-adj-iXvahDcS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: געך (gekh) [dialectal]

Noun

Forms: gikh [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay. Etymology templates: {{inh|yi|gmh|gæhe}} Middle High German gæhe, {{inh|yi|goh|gāhi}} Old High German gāhi, {{inh|yi|gem-pro|*ganhuz}} Proto-Germanic *ganhuz, {{cog|de|jäh|t=abrupt}} German jäh (“abrupt”), {{m|de|Jähe|t=abruptness}} Jähe (“abruptness”), {{cog|bar|gach||sudden, abrupt}} Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), {{cog|nl|gauw|t=soon}} Dutch gauw (“soon”), {{cog|en|gay}} English gay, {{m|en|jay}} jay Head templates: {{head|yi|noun|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|tr=}} גיך • (gikh) f, {{yi-noun|g=f}} גיך • (gikh) f
  1. speed, haste Derived forms: אין גיכן (in gikhn)
    Sense id: en-גיך-yi-noun-AYpLw1lQ Categories (other): Yiddish entries with incorrect language header, Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Yiddish entries with incorrect language header: 18 82 Disambiguation of Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks: 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: געך (gekh) [dialectal]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for גיך meaning in Yiddish (6.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "gæhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German gæhe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "gāhi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gāhi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ganhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "jäh",
        "t": "abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "German jäh (“abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Jähe",
        "t": "abruptness"
      },
      "expansion": "Jähe (“abruptness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "gach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gauw",
        "t": "soon"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch gauw (“soon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gay"
      },
      "expansion": "English gay",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jay"
      },
      "expansion": "jay",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gikh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכסט",
      "roman": "gikhst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכס",
      "roman": "gikhs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכס",
      "roman": "gikhs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "גיכער",
        "2": "גיכסט"
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) (comparative גיכער (gikher), superlative גיכסט (gikhst))",
      "name": "yi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "yi-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "quick, fast"
      ],
      "id": "en-גיך-yi-adj-iXvahDcS",
      "links": [
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "fast",
          "fast"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gekh",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "געך"
    }
  ],
  "word": "גיך"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "gæhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German gæhe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "gāhi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gāhi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ganhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "jäh",
        "t": "abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "German jäh (“abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Jähe",
        "t": "abruptness"
      },
      "expansion": "Jähe (“abruptness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "gach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gauw",
        "t": "soon"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch gauw (“soon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gay"
      },
      "expansion": "English gay",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jay"
      },
      "expansion": "jay",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gikh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) f",
      "name": "yi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "in gikhn",
          "word": "אין גיכן"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "speed, haste"
      ],
      "id": "en-גיך-yi-noun-AYpLw1lQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "speed",
          "speed"
        ],
        [
          "haste",
          "haste"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gekh",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "געך"
    }
  ],
  "word": "גיך"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Yiddish adjectives",
    "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yiddish feminine nouns",
    "Yiddish lemmas",
    "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Yiddish nouns",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Old High German",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Middle High German",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Old High German",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "gæhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German gæhe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "gāhi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gāhi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ganhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "jäh",
        "t": "abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "German jäh (“abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Jähe",
        "t": "abruptness"
      },
      "expansion": "Jähe (“abruptness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "gach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gauw",
        "t": "soon"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch gauw (“soon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gay"
      },
      "expansion": "English gay",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jay"
      },
      "expansion": "jay",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gikh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכסט",
      "roman": "gikhst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yi-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכס",
      "roman": "gikhs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכס",
      "roman": "gikhs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיך",
      "roman": "gikh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכן",
      "roman": "gikhn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכער",
      "roman": "gikher",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "גיכע",
      "roman": "gikhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "גיכער",
        "2": "גיכסט"
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) (comparative גיכער (gikher), superlative גיכסט (gikhst))",
      "name": "yi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "yi-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "quick, fast"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "fast",
          "fast"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "gekh",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "געך"
    }
  ],
  "word": "גיך"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Yiddish adjectives",
    "Yiddish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yiddish feminine nouns",
    "Yiddish lemmas",
    "Yiddish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Yiddish nouns",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Old High German",
    "Yiddish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Middle High German",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Old High German",
    "Yiddish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "in gikhn",
      "word": "אין גיכן"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "gæhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German gæhe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "gāhi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gāhi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ganhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "jäh",
        "t": "abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "German jäh (“abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Jähe",
        "t": "abruptness"
      },
      "expansion": "Jähe (“abruptness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "gach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gauw",
        "t": "soon"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch gauw (“soon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gay"
      },
      "expansion": "English gay",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jay"
      },
      "expansion": "jay",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German gæhe, from Old High German gāhi, from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz. Compare German jäh (“abrupt”), Jähe (“abruptness”). Also cognate with Bavarian gach (“sudden, abrupt”), Dutch gauw (“soon”) and probably English gay, jay.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gikh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "גיך • (gikh) f",
      "name": "yi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yiddish",
  "lang_code": "yi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "speed, haste"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speed",
          "speed"
        ],
        [
          "haste",
          "haste"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "gekh",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "געך"
    }
  ],
  "word": "גיך"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Yiddish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.