"tarfu" meaning in Welsh

See tarfu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Perhaps from the same root as Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), and Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”). Etymology templates: {{cog|grc|τάρβος||terror; awe}} Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), {{cog|la|torvus||grim, fierce}} Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), {{cog|sa|तर्जति||to threaten, frighten}} Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), {{der|cy|ine-pro|*tergʷ-|t=to scare, be fierce}} Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”) Head templates: {{cy-verb|tarf}} tarfu (first-person singular present tarfaf) Forms: tarfaf [first-person, present, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], tarfaf [first-person, future, indicative, present, singular], terfi [future, indicative, present, second-person, singular], tarfa [future, indicative, present, singular, third-person], tarfwn [first-person, future, indicative, plural, present], terfwch [future, indicative, plural, present, second-person], tarfwch [future, indicative, plural, present, second-person], tarfant [future, indicative, plural, present, third-person], terfir [future, impersonal, indicative, present], tarfwn [conditional, first-person, singular], tarfwn [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular, subjunctive], tarfit [conditional, second-person, singular], tarfit [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular, subjunctive], tarfai [conditional, singular, third-person], tarfai [imperfect, indicative, singular, subjunctive, third-person], tarfem [conditional, first-person, plural], tarfem [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural, subjunctive], tarfech [conditional, plural, second-person], tarfech [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person, subjunctive], tarfent [conditional, plural, third-person], tarfent [imperfect, indicative, plural, subjunctive, third-person], terfid [conditional, impersonal], terfid [imperfect, impersonal, indicative, subjunctive], terfais [first-person, preterite, singular], terfaist [preterite, second-person, singular], tarfodd [preterite, singular, third-person], tarfasom [first-person, plural, preterite], tarfasoch [plural, preterite, second-person], tarfasant [plural, preterite, third-person], tarfwyd [impersonal, preterite], tarfaswn [first-person, pluperfect, singular], tarfasit [pluperfect, second-person, singular], tarfasai [pluperfect, singular, third-person], tarfasem [first-person, pluperfect, plural], tarfasech [pluperfect, plural, second-person], tarfasent [pluperfect, plural, third-person], tarfasid [impersonal, pluperfect], tarfesid [impersonal, pluperfect], tarfwyf [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], terfych [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], tarfo [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], tarfom [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], tarfoch [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], tarfont [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], tarfer [impersonal, present, subjunctive], - [first-person, imperative, singular], tarfa [imperative, second-person, singular], tarfed [imperative, singular, third-person], tarfwn [first-person, imperative, plural], terfwch [imperative, plural, second-person], tarfwch [imperative, plural, second-person], tarfent [imperative, plural, third-person], tarfer [imperative, impersonal], tarfu [noun-from-verb, singular], tarfedig [participle, singular], tarfadwy [participle, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], tarfa i [first-person, future, singular], tarfaf i [first-person, future, singular], tarfi di [future, second-person, singular], tarfith o [future, singular, third-person], e [future, singular, third-person], hi [future, singular, third-person], tarfiff e [future, singular, third-person], tarfwn ni [first-person, future, plural], tarfwch chi [future, plural, second-person], tarfan nhw [future, plural, third-person], tarfwn i [conditional, first-person, singular], tarfswn i [conditional, first-person, singular], tarfet ti [conditional, second-person, singular], tarfset ti [conditional, second-person, singular], tarfai fo [conditional, singular, third-person], fe [conditional, singular, third-person], hi [conditional, singular, third-person], tarfsai fo [conditional, singular, third-person], tarfen ni [conditional, first-person, plural], tarfsen ni [conditional, first-person, plural], tarfech chi [conditional, plural, second-person], tarfsech chi [conditional, plural, second-person], tarfen nhw [conditional, plural, third-person], tarfsen nhw [conditional, plural, third-person], tarfais i [first-person, preterite, singular], tarfes i [first-person, preterite, singular], tarfaist ti [preterite, second-person, singular], tarfest ti [preterite, second-person, singular], tarfodd o [preterite, singular, third-person], e [preterite, singular, third-person], hi [preterite, singular, third-person], tarfon ni [first-person, plural, preterite], tarfoch chi [plural, preterite, second-person], tarfon nhw [plural, preterite, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], tarfa [imperative, second-person, singular], - [imperative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, plural], tarfwch [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to frighten, to scare off
    Sense id: en-tarfu-cy-verb-PVLQF790 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 62 38 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 76 24 Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 76 24
  2. to disrupt, to disturb
    Sense id: en-tarfu-cy-verb-DmfZVSkJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: tarfu ar (english: to disturb), tarfiad (english: disturbance, interruption) 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to disturb",
      "translation": "to disturb",
      "word": "tarfu ar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "disturbance, interruption",
      "translation": "disturbance, interruption",
      "word": "tarfiad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τάρβος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terror; awe"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grim, fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्जति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten, frighten"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tergʷ-",
        "t": "to scare, be fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from the same root as Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), and Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tarfaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfych",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfedig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfadwy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfi di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfiff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfan nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfet ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfes i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfon ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfoch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfon nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tarf"
      },
      "expansion": "tarfu (first-person singular present tarfaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten, to scare off"
      ],
      "id": "en-tarfu-cy-verb-PVLQF790",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "scare off",
          "scare off"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              87,
              92
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              88,
              98
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.",
          "ref": "2022 February 21, “'Teimlo fel bod llai o werth' ar blant ag anghenion dysgu”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Mae Aliou, sy'n naw oed ac yn mynychu ysgol arbennig ger Castell-nedd, yn dal i wynebu tarfu mawr ar ei addysg.",
          "translation": "Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to disrupt, to disturb"
      ],
      "id": "en-tarfu-cy-verb-DmfZVSkJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "disrupt",
          "disrupt"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tarfu"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh verbs",
    "Welsh verbs with red links in their headword lines"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to disturb",
      "translation": "to disturb",
      "word": "tarfu ar"
    },
    {
      "english": "disturbance, interruption",
      "translation": "disturbance, interruption",
      "word": "tarfiad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τάρβος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terror; awe"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grim, fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्जति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten, frighten"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tergʷ-",
        "t": "to scare, be fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from the same root as Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), and Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tarfaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfych",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "terfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfedig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfadwy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfi di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfiff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfan nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfet ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfsen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfes i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfon ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfoch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfon nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tarfwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tarf"
      },
      "expansion": "tarfu (first-person singular present tarfaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten, to scare off"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "scare off",
          "scare off"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              87,
              92
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              88,
              98
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.",
          "ref": "2022 February 21, “'Teimlo fel bod llai o werth' ar blant ag anghenion dysgu”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Mae Aliou, sy'n naw oed ac yn mynychu ysgol arbennig ger Castell-nedd, yn dal i wynebu tarfu mawr ar ei addysg.",
          "translation": "Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to disrupt, to disturb"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disrupt",
          "disrupt"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tarfu"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tarfu meaning in Welsh (12.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "tarfu"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "tarfu",
  "trace": "started on line 231, detected on line 231"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "tarfu"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "tarfu",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'inflected colloquial forms'",
  "path": [
    "tarfu"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "tarfu",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'inflected colloquial forms'",
  "path": [
    "tarfu"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "tarfu",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.