See dryw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerh₃-",
"t": "to leap, spring forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dàir"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic dàir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τροχίλος",
"t": "Egyptian plover"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos, “Egyptian plover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dreän",
"t": "wren"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dreän (“wren”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wrandijô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrandijô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wren"
},
"expansion": "English wren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring forth”); see Scottish Gaelic dàir. For similar sense development, compare Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos, “Egyptian plover”) from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).\nCognate with Old Irish dreän (“wren”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *wrandijô (modern English wren).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drywod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense",
"2": "drywod"
},
"expansion": "dryw m or f by sense (plural drywod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"Nouns by gender",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "goldcrest",
"word": "dryw eurben"
},
{
"english": "hunting the wren",
"word": "hela'r dryw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wren, jenny wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)"
],
"id": "en-dryw-cy-noun-gMCFCr1x",
"links": [
[
"wren",
"wren"
],
[
"jenny wren",
"jenny wren"
],
[
"Troglodytes troglodytes",
"Troglodytes troglodytes#Translingual"
],
[
"Peter Hayman",
"w:Peter Hayman (ornithologist)"
],
[
"Rob Hume",
"w:Rob Hume"
],
[
"Iolo Williams",
"w:Iolo Williams"
],
[
"Gwasg Carreg Gwalch",
"w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dryw bach"
},
{
"word": "chwynnwr"
},
{
"word": "powlin bach"
},
{
"word": "pompen"
}
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dryw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dryw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*drüw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *drüw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*druwits"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *druwits",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dóru",
"4": "",
"5": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dryw, from Proto-Brythonic *drüw, from Proto-Celtic *druwits, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) + *weyd- (“to see, to know”), hence meaning \"tree-knower\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drywon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "drywon"
},
"expansion": "dryw m (plural drywon)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 59 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "People",
"orig": "cy:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "cy:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"druid, seer"
],
"id": "en-dryw-cy-noun-Q3~pg6CR",
"links": [
[
"druid",
"druid"
],
[
"seer",
"seer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dryw m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tryw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 4 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 1 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 3 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 2 55",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Certhioid birds",
"orig": "cy:Certhioid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tryw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of tryw."
],
"id": "en-dryw-cy-noun-evl7HBsO",
"links": [
[
"tryw",
"tryw#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with multiple genders",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"cy:Certhioid birds",
"cy:People",
"cy:Religion"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "goldcrest",
"word": "dryw eurben"
},
{
"english": "hunting the wren",
"word": "hela'r dryw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerh₃-",
"t": "to leap, spring forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dàir"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic dàir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τροχίλος",
"t": "Egyptian plover"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos, “Egyptian plover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dreän",
"t": "wren"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dreän (“wren”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wrandijô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrandijô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wren"
},
"expansion": "English wren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring forth”); see Scottish Gaelic dàir. For similar sense development, compare Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos, “Egyptian plover”) from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).\nCognate with Old Irish dreän (“wren”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *wrandijô (modern English wren).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drywod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense",
"2": "drywod"
},
"expansion": "dryw m or f by sense (plural drywod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wren, jenny wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)"
],
"links": [
[
"wren",
"wren"
],
[
"jenny wren",
"jenny wren"
],
[
"Troglodytes troglodytes",
"Troglodytes troglodytes#Translingual"
],
[
"Peter Hayman",
"w:Peter Hayman (ornithologist)"
],
[
"Rob Hume",
"w:Rob Hume"
],
[
"Iolo Williams",
"w:Iolo Williams"
],
[
"Gwasg Carreg Gwalch",
"w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dryw bach"
},
{
"word": "chwynnwr"
},
{
"word": "powlin bach"
},
{
"word": "pompen"
}
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"cy:Certhioid birds",
"cy:People",
"cy:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dryw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dryw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*drüw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *drüw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*druwits"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *druwits",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dóru",
"4": "",
"5": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dryw, from Proto-Brythonic *drüw, from Proto-Celtic *druwits, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) + *weyd- (“to see, to know”), hence meaning \"tree-knower\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drywon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "drywon"
},
"expansion": "dryw m (plural drywon)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"druid, seer"
],
"links": [
[
"druid",
"druid"
],
[
"seer",
"seer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"cy:Certhioid birds",
"cy:People",
"cy:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thryw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dryw m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tryw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tryw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of tryw."
],
"links": [
[
"tryw",
"tryw#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɨu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/drɪu̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "dryw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dryw meaning in Welsh (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dryw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dryw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dryw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.