See cromlech in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": ":af",
"3": "crwm<alt:crom><t:bowed, arched>",
"4": "llech<t:flat stone>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *krumbos\nProto-Brythonic *krum\nMiddle Welsh crwm\nWelsh crom\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂der.\nProto-Celtic *ɸlikkā\nProto-Brythonic *llex\nMiddle Welsh llech\nWelsh llech\nWelsh cromlech\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*krum\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"crwm\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"crwm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"flat stone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pl̥keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸlikkā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*llex\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"llech\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"llech\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"cromlech\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }\" data-lang=\"cy\" data-title=\"cromlech\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crom",
"3": "llech",
"pos1": "feminine of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cy\">crwm</i>",
"t1": "bowed, arched",
"t2": "flat stone"
},
"expansion": "crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "crom",
"3": "",
"4": "bent over"
},
"expansion": "Irish crom (“bent over”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krumpaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krumpaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸlikkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *krumbos\nProto-Brythonic *krum\nMiddle Welsh crwm\nWelsh crom\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂der.\nProto-Celtic *ɸlikkā\nProto-Brythonic *llex\nMiddle Welsh llech\nWelsh llech\nWelsh cromlech\nFrom crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”).\nFirst element is a Germanic borrowing (compare Irish crom (“bent over”)) from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz; second element is from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cromlechi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cromlechi"
},
"expansion": "cromlech f (plural cromlechi)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Wales",
"orig": "cy:Wales",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cromlech (Welsh dolmen or underground tomb)"
],
"id": "en-cromlech-cy-noun-lf6hgOLQ",
"links": [
[
"cromlech",
"cromlech#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔmlɛχ/"
}
],
"word": "cromlech"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": ":af",
"3": "crwm<alt:crom><t:bowed, arched>",
"4": "llech<t:flat stone>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *krumbos\nProto-Brythonic *krum\nMiddle Welsh crwm\nWelsh crom\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂der.\nProto-Celtic *ɸlikkā\nProto-Brythonic *llex\nMiddle Welsh llech\nWelsh llech\nWelsh cromlech\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*krum\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"crwm\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"crwm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"flat stone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pl̥keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸlikkā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*llex\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"llech\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"llech\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"cromlech\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }\" data-lang=\"cy\" data-title=\"cromlech\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crom",
"3": "llech",
"pos1": "feminine of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cy\">crwm</i>",
"t1": "bowed, arched",
"t2": "flat stone"
},
"expansion": "crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "crom",
"3": "",
"4": "bent over"
},
"expansion": "Irish crom (“bent over”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krumpaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krumpaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸlikkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *krumbos\nProto-Brythonic *krum\nMiddle Welsh crwm\nWelsh crom\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂der.\nProto-Celtic *ɸlikkā\nProto-Brythonic *llex\nMiddle Welsh llech\nWelsh llech\nWelsh cromlech\nFrom crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”).\nFirst element is a Germanic borrowing (compare Irish crom (“bent over”)) from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz; second element is from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cromlechi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chromlech",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cromlechi"
},
"expansion": "cromlech f (plural cromlechi)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Welsh compound terms",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Welsh entries with etymology trees",
"Welsh entries with etymon",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"cy:Wales"
],
"glosses": [
"cromlech (Welsh dolmen or underground tomb)"
],
"links": [
[
"cromlech",
"cromlech#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔmlɛχ/"
}
],
"word": "cromlech"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cromlech meaning in Welsh (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cromlech/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cromlech"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cromlech",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cromlech/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"cromlech"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cromlech",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cromlech/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"cromlech"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cromlech",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.