dưới in Vietnamese

IPA: [zɨəj˧˦] [Hà-Nội], [jɨj˨˩˦] [Huế], [jɨj˦˥] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dưới.wav

Forms: 𢃄 [CJK], 𨑜 [CJK], 𤲂 [CJK], 𠁑 [CJK], đưới [alternative], đướn [alternative] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)). The Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > -j in these dialects had already happened. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*-taːlʔ}} Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*kt₁aal||under-surface, under}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”), {{cog|omx|kintāl}} Old Mon kintāl, {{ltc-l|帶}} 帶 (MC tajH), {{IPAfont|*-l > -j}} *-l > -j Head templates: {{head|vi|preposition|head=|tr=󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑}} dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑), {{vi-prep|󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑}} dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*-taːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under-surface, under"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "kintāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon kintāl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "帶"
      },
      "expansion": "帶 (MC tajH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-l > -j"
      },
      "expansion": "*-l > -j",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)).\nThe Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > -j in these dialects had already happened.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𢃄",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𨑜",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𤲂",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𠁑",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "đưới",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "đướn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "vi-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "nhà dưới"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "trên dưới"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dưới đồng bằng",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in space: under, below, down"
      ],
      "id": "en-dưới-vi-prep-zolGShHH",
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "đứng dưới cùng",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in position or rank: behind"
      ],
      "id": "en-dưới-vi-prep-JxSeEBUD",
      "links": [
        [
          "behind",
          "behind"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 31 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to be below average",
          "text": "dưới trung bình",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in quality or level: under, below"
      ],
      "id": "en-dưới-vi-prep-fkauEjc8",
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨəj˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˨˩˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˦˥]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dưới.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dưới"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese prepositions",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*-taːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under-surface, under"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "kintāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon kintāl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "帶"
      },
      "expansion": "帶 (MC tajH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-l > -j"
      },
      "expansion": "*-l > -j",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)).\nThe Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > -j in these dialects had already happened.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𢃄",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𨑜",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𤲂",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𠁑",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "đưới",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "đướn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "vi-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "nhà dưới"
    },
    {
      "word": "trên dưới"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Requests for translations of Vietnamese usage examples",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dưới đồng bằng",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in space: under, below, down"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Requests for translations of Vietnamese usage examples",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "đứng dưới cùng",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in position or rank: behind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "behind",
          "behind"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to be below average",
          "text": "dưới trung bình",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower in quality or level: under, below"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨəj˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˨˩˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˦˥]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dưới.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dưới"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: 󰡎",
  "path": [
    "dưới"
  ],
  "section": "Vietnamese",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "dưới",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"dưới" meaning in Vietnamese

Preposition

Alternative forms