"dưới" meaning in Vietnamese

See dưới in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

IPA: [zɨəj˧˦] [Hà-Nội], [jɨj˨˩˦] [Huế], [jɨj˦˥] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Forms: 𢃄 [CJK], 𨑜 [CJK], 𤲂 [CJK], 𠁑 [CJK]
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)). The Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > j in these dialects had already happened. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*-taːlʔ}} Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*kt₁aal||under-surface, under}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”), {{cog|omx|kintāl}} Old Mon kintāl, {{m|mnw|ဂတာ||underpart, bottom|tr=həta}} ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”), {{m|vi|𢃄}} 𢃄, {{ltc-l|帶}} 帶 (MC tajH), {{m|vi|đái}} đái, {{IPAfont|*-l > j}} *-l > j Head templates: {{head|vi|preposition|head=|tr=󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑}} dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑), {{vi-prep|󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑}} dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)
  1. under, below Synonyms: đưới (alt: no lenition, in lects where *-l > j occurred) [Central, North, Vietnam], đướn (alt: no lenition, in lects where *-l > n occurred) [Central, North, Vietnam] Related terms: nhà dưới, trên dưới
    Sense id: en-dưới-vi-prep-7MbRut0~ Categories (other): Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese prepositions

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for dưới meaning in Vietnamese (2.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*-taːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under-surface, under"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "kintāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon kintāl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဂတာ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "underpart, bottom",
        "tr": "həta"
      },
      "expansion": "ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "𢃄"
      },
      "expansion": "𢃄",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "帶"
      },
      "expansion": "帶 (MC tajH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đái"
      },
      "expansion": "đái",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-l > j"
      },
      "expansion": "*-l > j",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)).\nThe Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > j in these dialects had already happened.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𢃄",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𨑜",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𤲂",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𠁑",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "vi-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "under, below"
      ],
      "id": "en-dưới-vi-prep-7MbRut0~",
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "nhà dưới"
        },
        {
          "word": "trên dưới"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "no lenition, in lects where *-l > j occurred",
          "tags": [
            "Central",
            "North",
            "Vietnam"
          ],
          "word": "đưới"
        },
        {
          "alt": "no lenition, in lects where *-l > n occurred",
          "tags": [
            "Central",
            "North",
            "Vietnam"
          ],
          "word": "đướn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨəj˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˨˩˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˦˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dưới"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*-taːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under-surface, under"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "kintāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon kintāl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဂတာ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "underpart, bottom",
        "tr": "həta"
      },
      "expansion": "ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "𢃄"
      },
      "expansion": "𢃄",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "帶"
      },
      "expansion": "帶 (MC tajH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đái"
      },
      "expansion": "đái",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-l > j"
      },
      "expansion": "*-l > j",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)).\nThe Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > j in these dialects had already happened.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𢃄",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𨑜",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𤲂",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𠁑",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑"
      },
      "expansion": "dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)",
      "name": "vi-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "nhà dưới"
    },
    {
      "word": "trên dưới"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trên"
        },
        {
          "word": "côi"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese prepositions",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "under, below"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨəj˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˨˩˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jɨj˦˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "alt": "no lenition, in lects where *-l > j occurred",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "đưới"
    },
    {
      "alt": "no lenition, in lects where *-l > n occurred",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "đướn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dưới"
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: 󰡎",
  "path": [
    "dưới"
  ],
  "section": "Vietnamese",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "dưới",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.