"ders" meaning in Turkish

See ders in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /dæɾs/ Audio: LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-ders.wav
Etymology: Etymology tree Arabic دَرْس (dars)bor. Ottoman Turkish درس (ders) Turkish ders Inherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”). Etymology templates: {{ety|tr|:inh|ota:درس|text=2|tree=1}} Etymology tree Arabic دَرْس (dars)bor. Ottoman Turkish درس (ders) Turkish ders [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "gloss" : "lesson, lecture", "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Arabic", "term" : "دَرْس", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ar" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Ottoman Turkish", "term" : "درس", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ota" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Turkish", "term" : "ders", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "tr" }" data-lang="tr" data-title="ders"> Inherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”)., {{ety|tr|:inh|ota:درس|text=2|tree=1}} Etymology tree Arabic دَرْس (dars)bor. Ottoman Turkish درس (ders) Turkish ders Inherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”). Head templates: {{head|tr|noun|definite accusative|dersi|||plural|dersler|f1request=1|f3request=1|head=|sort=}} ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler), {{tr-noun|i|ler}} ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler) Inflection templates: {{tr-infl-noun-c|e|poss=1}} Forms: dersi [accusative, definite], dersler [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ders [nominative, singular], dersler [nominative, plural], dersi [accusative, definite, singular], dersleri [accusative, definite, plural], derse [dative, singular], derslere [dative, plural], derste [locative, singular], derslerde [locative, plural], dersten [ablative, singular], derslerden [ablative, plural], dersin [genitive, singular], derslerin [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], dersim [first-person, nominative, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerim [first-person, nominative, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersin [nominative, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerin [nominative, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersi [nominative, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], dersleri [nominative, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimiz [first-person, nominative, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimiz [first-person, nominative, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersiniz [nominative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], dersleriniz [nominative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], dersleri [nominative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], dersleri [nominative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], dersimi [accusative, definite, first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerimi [accusative, definite, first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersini [accusative, definite, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerini [accusative, definite, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersini [accusative, definite, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], derslerini [accusative, definite, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimizi [accusative, definite, first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimizi [accusative, definite, first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersinizi [accusative, definite, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], derslerinizi [accusative, definite, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], derslerini [accusative, definite, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], derslerini [accusative, definite, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], dersime [dative, first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerime [dative, first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersine [dative, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerine [dative, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersine [dative, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], derslerine [dative, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimize [dative, first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimize [dative, first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersinize [dative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], derslerinize [dative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], derslerine [dative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], derslerine [dative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], dersimde [first-person, locative, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerimde [first-person, locative, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersinde [locative, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerinde [locative, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersinde [locative, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], derslerinde [locative, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimizde [first-person, locative, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimizde [first-person, locative, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersinizde [locative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], derslerinizde [locative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], derslerinde [locative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], derslerinde [locative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], dersimden [ablative, first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerimden [ablative, first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersinden [ablative, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerinden [ablative, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersinden [ablative, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], derslerinden [ablative, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimizden [ablative, first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimizden [ablative, first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersinizden [ablative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], derslerinizden [ablative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], derslerinden [ablative, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], derslerinden [ablative, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person], dersimin [first-person, genitive, possessed-single, possessive, singular], derslerimin [first-person, genitive, possessed-many, possessive, singular], dersinin [genitive, possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], derslerinin [genitive, possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], dersinin [genitive, possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], derslerinin [genitive, possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], dersimizin [first-person, genitive, plural, possessed-single, possessive], derslerimizin [first-person, genitive, plural, possessed-many, possessive], dersinizin [genitive, plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], derslerinizin [genitive, plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], derslerinin [genitive, plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], derslerinin [genitive, plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person]
  1. lecture
    Sense id: en-ders-tr-noun-a8Y2~wED Categories (other): Turkish entries with etymon Disambiguation of Turkish entries with etymon: 50 50
  2. lesson (a section of learning or teaching)
    Sense id: en-ders-tr-noun-PfFrVfy7 Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Turkish entries with etymology texts, Turkish entries with etymology trees, Turkish entries with etymon, Turkish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 24 76 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 24 76 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 24 76 Disambiguation of Turkish entries with etymology texts: 24 76 Disambiguation of Turkish entries with etymology trees: 24 76 Disambiguation of Turkish entries with etymon: 50 50 Disambiguation of Turkish entries with incorrect language header: 20 80
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: dershane, hayat dersi, seçmeli ders, zorunlu ders

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dershane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hayat dersi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "seçmeli ders"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zorunlu ders"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "دَرْس",
      "درس#Arabic"
    ],
    [
      "درس",
      "درس#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "درس",
      "درس#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "دَرْس",
      "درس#Arabic"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ota:درس",
        "text": "2",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lesson, lecture\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"دَرْس\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"درس\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ders\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"ders\">\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ota:درس",
        "text": "2",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersler",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ders",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersten",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersiniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "definite accusative",
        "4": "dersi",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "plural",
        "8": "dersler",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f3request": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "ler"
      },
      "expansion": "ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler)",
      "name": "tr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e",
        "poss": "1"
      },
      "name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lecture"
      ],
      "id": "en-ders-tr-noun-a8Y2~wED",
      "links": [
        [
          "lecture",
          "lecture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lesson (a section of learning or teaching)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ders-tr-noun-PfFrVfy7",
      "links": [
        [
          "lesson",
          "lesson"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dæɾs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-ders.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ders"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Turkish entries with etymology texts",
    "Turkish entries with etymology trees",
    "Turkish entries with etymon",
    "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Turkish lemmas",
    "Turkish nouns",
    "Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
    "Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dershane"
    },
    {
      "word": "hayat dersi"
    },
    {
      "word": "seçmeli ders"
    },
    {
      "word": "zorunlu ders"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "دَرْس",
      "درس#Arabic"
    ],
    [
      "درس",
      "درس#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "درس",
      "درس#Ottoman_Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "دَرْس",
      "درس#Arabic"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ota:درس",
        "text": "2",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lesson, lecture\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"دَرْس\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"درس\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ders\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"ders\">\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ota:درس",
        "text": "2",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic دَرْس (dars)bor.\nOttoman Turkish درس (ders)\nTurkish ders\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish درس (ders), borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersler",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ders",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersler",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersten",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersiniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleriniz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersleri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerini",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinize",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinden",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersimizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerimizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dersinizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinizin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derslerinin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "definite accusative",
        "4": "dersi",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "plural",
        "8": "dersler",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f3request": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "ler"
      },
      "expansion": "ders (definite accusative dersi, plural dersler)",
      "name": "tr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e",
        "poss": "1"
      },
      "name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lecture"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lecture",
          "lecture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lesson (a section of learning or teaching)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lesson",
          "lesson"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dæɾs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-ders.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ders.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ders"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ders meaning in Turkish (13.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.